Principatus: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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11. satır:
Unvan, geleneksel olarak tartışmalarda ilk sözü söyleme hakkına sahip Senatonun en yaşlı üyesini tanımlamak için kullanılan ''princeps senatus'' teriminden türetilmiştir.
Terim, Augustus'un kendisini ''[[auctoritas]]'' olarak ilan etmesinden [[Roma İmparatorluğu]]'nun [[476]] yılındaki düşüşüne kadar geçen süreyi ya da yine Augustus'un tahta çıkışından, kaynaklara göre değişiklik gösterse de, [[Domitian]], [[Commodus]] ya da [[Diokletian]]'ın saltanatının sonuna kadar geçen süreyi tanımlamak için kullanılır. Sonradan, Roma imparatorluğunun halâ kısmen Cumhuriyetçi erken dönemleri ''Principate'' olarak adlandırılırken, (mutlak) [[monarşi]]'' olarak kabul edilen sonraki dönemleri ''[[Dominate]]'' olarak adlandırılmıştır.
Under this 'Principate ''stricto sensu''', the political reality of [[autocratic]] rule by the [[Roman Emperor (Principate)|Emperor]] was still scrupulously masked by forms and conventions of [[oligarchy|oligarchic]] self-rule inherited from the political period of the 'uncrowned' [[Roman Republic]] ([[509 BC]]-[[27 BC]]) under the motto ''Senatus Populusque Romanus'' or [[SPQR]]. Initially, the theory implied the 'first citizen' had to earn his extraordinary position (''de facto'' evolving to nearly absolute [[monarchy]]) by merit in the style that Augustus himself had gained the position of ''auctoritas''. Imperial [[propaganda]] developed a 'paternalistic' [[ideology]], presenting the ''Princeps'' as the very incarnation of all virtues attributed to the ideal ruler (much like a Greek ''[[tyrannos]]'' earlier), such as clemency and justice, and in turn placing the impetus upon the ''Princeps'' to play this designated role within [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] society, as his political insurance as well as a moral duty. What specifically was expected of the ''Princeps'' seems to have varied according to the times; [[Tiberius]], who amassed a huge surplus for the city of [[Rome]], was criticized as a miser, while [[Caligula]] was criticized for his lavish spending on games and spectacles. Generally speaking it was the duty of the emperor to be seen as generous, not just as a good ruler but also from his personal fortune (as in the proverbial "bread and circuses" – ''[[panem et circenses]]'' – meaning various public games, not just gladiators and horse races, but also artistic, as well as distributions of food), charitable institutions, ''de facto'' public works, ''et cetera'', as popularity boosters, in the way of the Greek ''[[leitourgia]]'' (called ''munera'' in [[Latin]]) and the republican election campaigns.
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