COVID-19: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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|Komplikasyonlar=Zatürre, Şok akciğeri, Böbrek yetmezliği|Bulaşıcı Ajan=SARS-CoV-2|Teşhis Yöntemi=Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu, tıbbi görüntüleme|Tedavi Yöntemi=Semptomatik Tedavi ve Destek Tedavisi}}<!--Tanım ve semptomlar-->
'''Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019''', kısaltmasıyla '''COVID-19''' ya da '''KOVID-19''', insanları etkileyen, [[şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüsü 2]]'nin (SARS-CoV-2) neden olduğu [[Bulaşıcı hastalık|bulaşıcı]] bir solunum yolu hastalığı.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it|access-date=28 February 2020|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228035651/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> İlk olarak 2019 yılında Çin'in Vuhan şehrinde keşfedilmiş hastalık, keşfinden bu yana dünya çapında yayılarak [[2019-20 koronavirüs pandemisi|2019-20 koronavirüs pandemisine]] yol açmıştır.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{cite journal|title=The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|date=February 2020|display-authors=6|issue=|pages=264–66|journal=Int J Infect Dis|volume=91|vauthors=Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E|pmid=31953166|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WHOPandemic">{{cite press release|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=11 March 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|access-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Hastalıkta görülen yaygın semptomlar arasında [[Ateş (tıp)|ateş]], [[öksürük]] ve [[nefes darlığı]] yer almaktadır. [[Kas ağrısı|Kas ağrıları]], [[balgam]] üretimi ve [[boğaz ağrısı]] ise daha az yaygın görülen belirtileri oluştururlar.<ref name="whoqa">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)|access-date=11 March 2020|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDC2020Sym"><!--KEEP THIS NAMED REFERENCE-->{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms|access-date=|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|date=10 February 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=United States|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> [[İshal]] gibi gastrointestinal belirtiler rapor edilmiştir.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054|title=COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission|date=27 February 2020|pages=|journal=Gastroenterology|via=|volume=|last=Gu|first=Jinyang|last2=Han|first2=Bing|last3=Wang|first3=Jian|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054|issn=0016-5085}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|url=http://hepatmon.com/en/articles/102729.html|title=Panic of Buying Toilet Papers: A Historical Memory or a Horrible Truth? Systematic Review of Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19|date=2020-03-16|issue=In Press|journal=Hepatitis Monthly|volume=In Press|last=Miri|first=Seyyed Mohammad|last2=Roozbeh|first2=Fatemeh|last3=Omrani Rad|first3=Ali|last4=Alavian|first4=Seyed Moayed|doi=10.5812/hepatmon.102729|issn=1735-143X}}</ref> Vakaların çoğu hafif semptomlara sahip olsa da,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/world/asia/coronavirus-treament-recovery.html|title=Most Coronavirus Cases Are Mild. That's Good and Bad News.|date=5 March 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Vivian|last=Wang|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> bazı hastalarda şiddetli [[zatürre]] ve çoklu [[organ yetmezliği]] meydana gelebili.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="WHO-q-a">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|access-date=27 January 2020|archive-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> 20 Mart 2020 itibariyle [[Vaka ölüm oranı|vaka başına ölüm oranı]] %4.1 olup, yaş grubu ve diğer sağlık sorunlarına göre bu oran %0.2 ile %15 arasında değişmektedir.<ref name="worldometers.info">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/|title=Wuhan Coronavirus Death Rate|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131223143/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|website=www.worldometers.info|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><!--Bulaş ve tanı-->
Virüs genellikle öksürük sonucu oluşan damlacıklar vasıtası ile insandan insana [[Bulaş|bulaşır]].<ref name="WHO2020QA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|date=11 February 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|quote=The disease can spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales ... The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by someone who is coughing.|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name="CDC2020Spread">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html|title=2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|access-date=18 February 2020|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307081351/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html|date=11 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|quote=The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person ... through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.|url-status=live}}</ref> Kontamine olmuş yüzeylere dokunulmasının ardından kişinin kendi yüzüne dokunmasının da diğer bir yayılma yöntemi olabileceği düşünülmektedir.<ref name="WHO2020QA" /> Virüs enfekte kişilerin dışkısında da bulunduğundan ötürü [[Bulaş#Fekal-oral bulaş|fekal-oral yol]] ile bulaşma araştırılmaktadır.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> Virüse maruz kalındıktan semptomların ortaya çıkmasına kadar geçen [[kuluçka süresi]] 2 ila 14 gün arasında olup, ortalama olarak 5 gün sürmektedir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|date=10 February 2020|website=www.cdc.gov|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The COVID-19 epidemic|date=March 2020|issue=n/a|pages=278–80|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health|volume=n/a|vauthors=Velavan TP, Meyer CG|doi=10.1111/tmi.13383|doi-access=free|pmid=32052514}}</ref> Standart tanı yöntemi, kişiden alınacak [[nazofarengeal sürüntü]] ile yapılacak gerçek zamanlı [[Ters transkriptaz|revers transkriptaz]] [[polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu]] (r[[RT-PCR]]) testleri olmaktadır.<ref name="20200130cdc" /> Enfeksiyona aynı zamanda semptomların, risk faktörlerinin ve zatürreye işaret eden göğüs [[Bilgisayarlı tomografi|BT taramalarının]] beraber değerlendirilmesi ile de tanı konabilir.<ref name=":32">{{cite journal|title=A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)|date=February 2020|display-authors=6|issue=1|pages=4|journal=Military Medical Research|volume=7|vauthors=Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, Fang C, Huang D, Huang LQ, Huang Q, Han Y, Hu B, Hu F, Li BH, Li YR, Liang K, Lin LK, Luo LS, Ma J, Ma LL, Peng ZY, Pan YB, Pan ZY, Ren XQ, Sun HM, Wang Y, Wang YY, Weng H, Wei CJ, Wu DF, Xia J, Xiong Y, Xu HB, Yao XM, Yuan YF, Ye TS, Zhang XC, Zhang YW, Zhang YG, Zhang HM, Zhao Y, Zhao MJ, Zi H, Zeng XT, Wang YY, Wang XH|doi=10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6|doi-access=free|pmid=32029004|pmc=7003341}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200226151951.htm|title=CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19|access-date=2 March 2020|date=26 February 2020|website=ScienceDaily|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Önleme ve yönetim-->
Önerilen önlemler arasında sıkça [[el yıkama]], diğer kişiler ile fiziksel mesafeyi koruma ve elleri yüzden uzakta tutma yer alır.<ref name="Advice for public">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Maske kullanımı virüs şüphesine sahip kişiler ile yakınlarına önerilmekte olup, genel halka önerilmemiştir.<ref name="CDC2020IfSick">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|access-date=15 February 2020|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|date=11 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|last=CDC|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|access-date=15 February 2020|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> [[Aşı|Aşısı]] ve özel [[Antiviral ilaç|antiviral ilacı]] bulunmayan COVID-19, [[semptomatik tedavi]], [[Karantina|izolasyon]] ve deneysel yöntemler ile yönetilir.<ref name="cdc21Jan20202">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|date=15 February 2020|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Araştırma ve deneysel tedaviler, aşı geliştirme, eski antiviral ilaçların COVID-19 için kullanımı, [[Bağışıklama|pasif bağışıklama]] ve [[sitokin fırtınası]] önlemeyi içerir.<!--Epidemiyoloji ve tarihçe-->
[[Dünya Sağlık Örgütü]] Mart 2020'de 2019-20 koronavirüs salgınını bir [[pandemi]] ilan etmiş,<ref name="WHOPandemic" /> durumun bir [[Uluslararası Kamu Sağlığı Acil Durumu]] (PHEIC) olduğunu açıklamıştır.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131005904/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html|title=Hundreds of evacuees to be held on bases in California; Hong Kong and Taiwan restrict travel from mainland China|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207134650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html|date=6 February 2020|work=[[The Washington Post]]|vauthors=Mahtani S, Berger M, O'Grady S, Iati M|url-status=live}}</ref> Hastalığın DSÖ tarafından belirlenmiş dünyanın 6 bölgesinde de yerel olarak bulaştığına dair kanıtlar vardır.<ref name="whositrep47">{{Cite document|title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 47|date=March 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|hdl=10665/331444|hdl-access=free}}</ref> 22 Mart 2020 tarihi itibariyle 307,625 pozitif vaka tespit edilmiş olup, bu vakalardan 95,797'si iyileşmiş, 13,050 kişi ise hastalık nedeniyle hayatını kaybetmiştir.
==Belirti ve bulgular==
[[Dosya:Symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019.svg|lang=tr|sol|küçükresim|Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 yol açtığı semptomlar]]
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