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== Tarihi ==
[[Dosya:Edwin Smith Papyrus v2.jpg|thumb|220px|Plates vi & vii of the [[EdwinNew SmithYork PapyrusTıp Akademisi]]nde atyer thealan [[RareEdwin BookSmith RoomPapirüsü]],'nün [[New6. Yorkve Academy7. of Medicine]]levhaları<ref>"Academy Papyrus to be Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art". The New York Academy of Medicine. 2005-07-27. {{cite web |url=http://www.nyam.org/news/2493.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-08-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127161922/http://www.nyam.org/news/2493.html |archivedate=2010-11-27 }}. Retrieved 2008-08-12.</ref>]]
[[Dosya:Shushrut statue.jpg|thumb|right|250px|TheMÖ Indian800 physiciancivarında Sushrutaerken developedrekonstrüktif earlyburun techniquesameliyatı fortekniklerini reconstructive nose surgery ({{Abbr|c.|circa}} 800geliştirmen BC)[[Suşruta]]]]
TreatmentsKırık forbir the[[insan plasticburnu|burun]] repairüzerinde ofyapılan a[[plastik brokencerrahi|plastik]] nosedüzeltme aretedavilerine firstilk mentionedolarak inMÖ the3.000 ila 2.500 arasına tarihlenen [[Antik Mısır]] tıp metinleri olan [[Edwin Smith PapyrusPapirüsü]],'nde rastlanılmaktadır.<ref name=cossurg>{{cite book|last=Shiffman|first=Melvin|title=Cosmetic Surgery: Art and Techniques|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-21837-8|page=20|date=2012-09-05}}</ref> a transcription of an Ancient Egyptian medical text, the oldest known surgical treatise, dated to the [[Old Kingdom]] from 3000 to 2500 [[Before Christian Era|BCE]].<ref name=plsurgery>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter C.|editor1-last=Neligan|editor2-first=Geoffrey C.|editor2-last=Gurtner|first1=Ricardo F.|last1=Mazzola|first2=Isabella C.|last2=Mazzola|title=Plastic Surgery: Principles|chapter=History of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-1052-2|pages=11–12|date=2012-09-05}}</ref> Rhinoplasty techniques were carried out in [[History ofHindistan Indiatarihi|ancientAntik IndiaHindistan]]'da byrinoplasti theteknikleri [[Ayurveda|ayurvedic]] physiciangerçekleştiren [[SushrutaSuşruta]] (no dating available), who described reconstruction of the nose in the ''[[SushrutaSuşruta Samhita|Sushruta samhitaSarmiha]]'' (noadlı archaeologicaleserinde evidenceburnun available),yeniden hisinşasını medico–surgical [[compendium]]tanımlamıştır. TheSuşruta physicianile Sushrutakendisinin andtıp hisöğrencileri; medicaldin, studentshukuk developedya andda appliedaskerî [[Plasticceza surgery|plasticgibi surgical]]nedenlerle techniquesampute foredilen reconstructingburunların noses,yeniden genitalia,inşası earlobes,için etc.,plastik thatcerrahi wereteknikleri amputatedgeliştirmiş asve religious, criminal, or military punishmentuygulamışlardı. SushrutaSuşruta alsoayrıca, developedçağdaş thebir [[Nasalplastik reconstructioncerrahi usinguygulaması aolan paramedian foreheadalın flap|forehead flap rhinoplasty]] procedure that remains contemporary plastic surgical practice. In the ''Sushruta samhita'' compendium, Sushruta describes the (modern) free-graft Indian rhinoplasty asrinoplastisi theprosedürünü Nasikasandhanageliştirdi.
1. yüzyılda yazdığı ''[[De Medicina]]'' adlı eserinde [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]], burun ve vücudun diğer bölümlerinin düzeltilmesi ve yeniden inşa edilmesi için plastik cerrahi tekniklerini ve prosedürlerini tanımamaktadır.<ref>{{cite book |veditors=Chernow BA, Vallasi GA |title=The Columbia Encyclopedia |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1993 |pages=488–9 |edition=5th}}</ref> [[Oribasius]], 4. yüzyılda yayımladığı ''İatrikai Sinagogai'' adlı eserinde
[[File:Aulus Cornelius Celsus.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The Roman encyclopaedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus]]
During the [[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 476 AD) the encyclopaedist [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]] ({{Abbr|c.|circa}} 25 BC – 50 AD) published the 8-tome ''[[De Medicina]]'' (On Medicine, {{Abbr|c.|circa}} 14 AD), which described plastic surgery techniques and procedures for the correction and the reconstruction of the nose and other body parts.<ref>{{cite book |veditors=Chernow BA, Vallasi GA |title=The Columbia Encyclopedia |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1993 |pages=488–9 |edition=5th}}</ref>
At the [[Byzantium|Byzantine]] Roman court of the Emperor [[Julian the Apostate]] (331–363 AD), the royal physician [[Oribasius]] ({{Abbr|c.|circa}} 320–400 AD) published the 70-volume ''Synagogue Medicae'' (Medical Compilations, 4th century AD), which described facial-defect reconstructions that featured loose [[Surgical suture|sutures]] that permitted a [[Surgery|surgical]] wound to heal without distorting the facial flesh; how to clean the bone exposed in a wound; [[debridement]], how to remove damaged tissue to forestall [[infection]] and so accelerate healing of the [[wound]]; and how to use [[Free flap|autologous skin flaps]] to repair damaged cheeks, eyebrows, lips, and nose, to restore the patient's normal [[face|visage]].<ref>[https://books.google.gr/books?id=WF3dCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=carmagnola++statue+justinian+ii+venice&source=bl&ots=x7XpXC_ho2&sig=ACfU3U3B8qEY1mJ7m6cudZsqgGxlrAKXgA&hl=el&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH_fDbgI7iAhWRY1AKHTSgAB0Q6AEwDHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=carmagnola%20%20statue%20justinian%20ii%20venice&f=false Papadakis Marios et al. "Plastic surgery of the face in Byzantine times", in D. Michaelides, ''Medicine and Healing in the Ancient Mediterranean'', Oxbow Books (2014) pp. 155-162]</ref>
Nonetheless, during the centuries of the European [[Middle Ages]] (5th–15th centuries AD) that followed the Imperial Roman collapse (476 AD), the 5th-century BC Asian [[plastic surgery]] knowledge of the ''Sushruta samhita'' went unknown to [[Western World|the West]] until the 10th century AD, with the publication, in [[Old English]], of the Anglo-Saxon physician's manual ''[[Bald's Leechbook]]'' ({{Abbr|c.|circa}} 920 AD) describing the plastic repair of a [[cleft lip]]; as a medical compendium, the ''Leechbook'' is notable for categorizing ailments and treatments as [[internal medicine]] and as external medicine, for providing [[herbalism|herbal medical]] remedies, and for providing supernatural incantations (prayers), when required.
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