Sosyal liberalizm: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

'''Sosyal liberalizm''', '''modern liberalizm''' veya '''reform liberalizmi''' olarak da bilinir,<ref>See, for example, Eldon J. Eisenach, "Mill's Reform Liberalism as Tradition and Culture." ''Political Science Reviewer'', no. 24 (1995), pp. 71-146.</ref> [[bireysel özgürlük]] ve [[sosyal adalet]] arasında denge kurmayı amaçlayan politik bir ideolojidir. [[Klasik liberalizm]] gibi [[piyasa ekonomisi]], sivil ve siyasi hak ile özgürlüklerin genişlemesini onaylaması bakımıyla uyuşur ancak bunlara ek olarak hükümetin meşru rolünün yoksulluk, sağlık ve eğitim gibi ekonomik ve sosyal konuları da içerdiği fikrini barındırır.<ref>{{Dergi kaynağı|author = Rohr, Donald G.|title = The Origins of Social Liberalism in Germany|journal = [[The Journal of Economic History]]| volume = 24 | issue = 03 | datetarih = September 1964 | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7548652 }}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberalism/#NewLib | başlık = The 'New Liberalism' | authoryazar = Gaus, Gerald and Courtland, Shane D. | yayıncı = ''[[The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' | tarih = Spring 2011 | arşivengelli = evet}}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2010/07/social-liberalism-hobhouse | başlık = The origins of social liberalism | authoryazar = John Derbyshire | yayıncı = ''[[New Statesman]]'' | tarih = 12 July 2010 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20151222122744/http://www.newstatesman.com:80/uk-politics/2010/07/social-liberalism-hobhouse | arşivtarihi = 22 Aralık 2015}}</ref> Sosyal liberalizmde toplumun iyiliği bireyin özgürlüğü ile uyumlu görülür.<ref>''The history of European liberalism'' (1959), Guido De Ruggiero, pp. 155–157</ref> İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında sosyal liberal fikirler dünyanın birçok ülkesinde benimsenmiştir.<ref>[http://www.google.com/books?id=FAtlVdPhEFAC&lpg=PP1&dq=Political%20Sociology%3A%20A%20Critical%20Introduction&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q=&f=false Fauks, Keith. Political Sociology: A Critical Introduction. Edinburgh University Press, 1999, page 73]</ref> Sosyal liberal düşünceler ile partiler merkez veya merkez sol olarak kabul edilir.<ref>Adams, Ian (2001). Political Ideology Today (Politics Today). Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-6020-6.</ref><ref>Slomp, Hans (2000). European Politics Into the Twenty-First Century: Integration and Division. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-96814-6.</ref><ref>Liberalism in Modern Times: Essays in Honour of Jose G. Merquior. Budapest: Central European University Press. 1996. 185866053X.</ref><ref>Hombach, Bodo (2000). The politics of the new centre. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-7456-2460-0.</ref><ref>Women's access to political power in post-communist Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003.</ref>

Terim, politik ve ekonomik fikirleri birkaç asır boyunca Büyük Bunalıma dek egemenliğini korumuş klasik liberalizmden farklılaşmayı belirtme amacıyla kullanılır.<ref>{{Dergi kaynağı |author1=Marks, Gary |author2=Wilson, Carole |lastauthoramp=yes | titlebaşlık = The Past in the Present: A Cleavage Theory of Party Response to European Integration | journal = British Journal of Political Science | volume = 30 | pages = 433–459 | datetarih = July 2000 | url = http://www.utdallas.edu/~cjwilson/prof/BJPS00.pdf | format = [[PDF]] | doi=10.1017/S0007123400000181}}</ref><ref name="richardson">{{Kitap kaynağı | last = Richardson | first = James L. | titlebaşlık = Contending Liberalisms in World Politics: Ideology and Power | publisheryayıncı = Lynne Rienner Publishers | year = 2001 | id = 155587939X | location = Colorado}}</ref> 20. yüzyılın sonuna doğru sosyal liberalizme karşı tepki, parasalcı ekonomi politikaları ve devlet hizmetlerinin sunumunun azalmasına yol açan, sıklıkla neoliberalizm adıyla anılan ekol tarafından gösterildi. Bununla birlikte bu tepki klasik liberalizme dönüşle sonuçlanmadı. Hükümetler sosyal hizmetleri sunmaya devam etti ve ekonomi politikası üzerindeki kontrolünü korudu.<ref name="Faulks">[http://www.google.com/books?id=FAtlVdPhEFAC&lpg=PP1&dq=Political%20Sociology%3A%20A%20Critical%20Introduction&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q=&f=false Fauks, Keith. Political Sociology: A Critical Introduction. Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pages 71–75]</ref>

* [[John Stuart Mill]]<ref name="richardson"/><ref name="adams"/><ref name="cardosorosas">{{Web kaynağı|last=Cardoso Rosas |first=João |year=2008 |url=http://diarioeconomico.sapo.pt/edicion/diarioeconomico/opinion/columnistas/pt/desarrollo/1123500.html |title=Socialismo ou liberalismo social? |work=DiarioEconomico.com |accessdate=2008-05-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20090115064405/http://diarioeconomico.sapo.pt:80/edicion/diarioeconomico/opinion/columnistas/pt/desarrollo/1123500.html |archivedate=15 January 2009 }}</ref><ref name="bresser-pereira">{{Kitap kaynağı| last = [[Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira]] | authorlink = | titlebaşlık = Building the Republican State | publisheryayıncı = Oxford University Press | year = 2003 | location = Oxford | pages = | url = http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/?view=usa&cp=25347&ci=9780199261185 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780199261185 }}</ref> (1806–1873)

* [[Thomas Hill Green]]<ref name="richardson"/><ref name="adams"/><ref name="liberalhistory"/><ref name="newliberalism" /><ref name="liberalinternational">{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=682 | titlebaşlık = James Hobson | accessdateerişimtarihi = 2008-05-19 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160303165711/http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=682 | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016}}</ref> (1836–1882)

* [[Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)|Bernard Bosanquet]]<ref name="newliberalism">{{Kitap kaynağı|author1=Avital Simhony |author2=David Weinstein | titlebaşlık = The new liberalism: reconciling liberty and community | publisheryayıncı = Cambridge University Press | year = 2001 | location = Cambridge | pages = | url = http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521794048 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780521794046 }}</ref> (1848–1923)

* [[Émile Durkheim]]<ref name="merquior">{{Kitap kaynağı|last=Merquior |first=J.G. |title=Liberalism Old and New |publisher=Twayne Publishers |isbn=0805786279 |year=1991 |location=Boston}}</ref><ref>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Seidman | first = Steven | titlebaşlık = Contested knowledge: social theory today | publisheryayıncı = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2004 | location = Malden, MA | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780631226710 }}</ref><ref name='wrussel'>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = W. Russell | first = James | titlebaşlık = Double standard: social policy in Europe and the United States | publisheryayıncı = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2006 | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780742546936 }}</ref> (1858–1917)

* [[Friedrich Naumann]]<ref name='leftliberalism'>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Thompson | first = Alastair | titlebaşlık = Left Liberals, the State, and Popular Politics in Wilhelmine Germany | publisheryayıncı = Oxford University Press | year = 2000 | location = Oxford | pages = | url = http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/?cp=24301&view=usa&ci=0198205430 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780198205432 }}</ref><ref>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = F. Biagini | first = Eugenio | titlebaşlık = Citizenship and Community: Liberals, Radicals and Collective Identities in the British Isles, 1865–1931 | publisheryayıncı = Published by Cambridge University Press | year = 2002 | location = Cambridge | page = 228 | url = http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521893607 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780521893602 }}</ref><ref>{{Kitap kaynağı|author1=Till van Rahden |author2=Marcus Brainard | titlebaşlık = Jews and Other Germans: Civil Society, Religious Diversity, and Urban Politics in Breslau, 1860–1925 | publisheryayıncı = University of Wisconsin Press | year = 2008 | location = Wisconsin | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780299226947 }}</ref> (1860–1919)

* [[Bertil Ohlin]]<ref>{{Kitap kaynağı|author1=Ronald Findlay |author2=Lars Jonung |author3=Mats Lundahl | titlebaşlık = Bertil Ohlin: a centennial celebration, 1899–1999 | publisheryayıncı = MIT Press | year = 2002 | location = Cambridge | pages = | url = http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=8800 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780262062282 }}</ref><ref>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Klausen | first = Jytte | titlebaşlık = War and Welfare: Europe and the United States, 1945 to the Present | publisheryayıncı = Palgrave Macmillan | year = 2001 | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780312238834 }}</ref> (1899–1979)

* [[Miguel Reale]]<ref name="jornalusp">{{Web kaynağı|url=http://www.usp.br/jorusp/ |title=Espaço Cultural Miguel Reale |accessdate=2009-04-05 |year=2000 |work=Jornal da Universidade de São Paulo |publisher=[[Universidade de São Paulo]] |language=Portuguese |archiveurl=http://espacoculturalmiguelreale.blogspot.com/2007/08/entrevista-concedida-pelo-prof-reale-ao.html |archivedate=2007-08-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Reale | first = Miguel | authorlink = Miguel Reale | titlebaşlık = Crise do capitalismo e crise do Estado | publisheryayıncı = Senac | year = 2000 | location = São Paulo | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9788573591415 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> (1910–2005)

* [[John Rawls]]<ref name="adams"/><ref name="cardosorosas"/><ref name="liberalhistory2">{{Dergi kaynağı|author=Watson, Graham |title=The Two Davids |journal=Journal of Liberal Democrat History |date=Spring 1998 |url=http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/uploads/18_watson_the_two_davids.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="vincentandrew">{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Vincent | first = Andrew | titlebaşlık = The Nature of Political Theory | publisheryayıncı = Oxford University Press | year = 2007 | location = Oxford | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780199297955 }}</ref> (1921–2002)

* [[Don Chipp]]<ref name="australiademocrats">{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.democrats.org.au/docs/2007/4_History.pdf | titlebaşlık = The Third Team: A brief history of the Australian Democrats after 30 years | accessdateerişimtarihi = 2009-04-05 | author1 = Paul Aron | author2 = Luke Miller | year = 2007 | format = PDF | publisheryayıncı = Australian Democrats | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20120319160302/http://www.democrats.org.au/docs/2007/4_History.pdf | arşivtarihi = 19 Mart 2012}}</ref> (1925–2006)

* [[Vlado Gotovac]]<ref>{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Gotovac | first = Vlado| titlebaşlık = In Defence of Freedom: Zagreb 1971–1996 | publisheryayıncı = Matica hrvatska; Croatian PEN Centre | year = 1996 | location = Zagreb | page = 11| url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 953-150-066-5}}</ref> (1930–2000)

* [[Amartya Sen]]<ref name="cardosorosas"/><ref name="Liberalism is the best Cure for Poverty">{{Web kaynağı | last = Verhofstadt | first = Dirk | titlebaşlık = Liberalism is the best Cure for Poverty | url = http://www.liberales.be/cgi-bin/en/showframe.pl?essay&verhofstadtucos | accessdateerişimtarihi = 2008-08-17 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160303183105/http://www.liberales.be/cgi-bin/en/showframe.pl?essay&verhofstadtucos | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016}}</ref><ref name="inclusivedemocracy">{{Dergi kaynağı|last=Fotopoulos |first=Takis |authorlink=Takis Fotopoulos |date=October 2004 |title=Why an Inclusive Democracy? The multidimensional crisis, globalisation and inclusive democracy |journal=The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy |volume=1 |issue=1 |url=http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/vol1/vol1_no1_why.htm |accessdate=2008-05-21}}</ref> (* 1933)

* [[José G. Merquior]]<ref name="modern"/><ref name="tostomilton">{{Kitap kaynağı| last = Tosto | first = Milton | titlebaşlık = The meaning of liberalism in Brazil | publisheryayıncı = Lexington Books | year = 2005 | location = Lanham | pages = | url = http://www.lexingtonbooks.com/Catalog/SingleBook.shtml?command=Search&db=^DB/CATALOG.db&eqSKUdata=0739109855 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9780739109861 }}</ref> (1941–1991)

* [[Paul Krugman]]<ref>{{Kitap kaynağı| titlebaşlık = Conscience Of A Liberal | last = Krugman |first = Paul | authorlink = Paul Krugman |publisher = Ww Norton & Co | year = 2007 |page= |isbn = 9780141035772 | oclc = |location = New York }}</ref> (* 1953)