* {{citeKitap bookkaynağı|last = Madelung|first = Wilferd|authorlink = Wilferd Madelung|title = The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 1997|isbn = 978-0-521-64696-3|ref = harv}}
* {{citeKitap bookkaynağı|last = Kelen|first = Betty|title = Muhammad: The Messenger of God|year = 2001|publisher = Taylor Production|isbn = 978-0-929093-12-3|ref = harv}}
* {{citeKitap bookkaynağı|last = Watt |first = William Montgomery |authorlink = William Montgomery Watt |title = [[Muhammad at Mecca (book)|Muhammad at Mecca]] | publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1953 |id =|ref = harv}}
* {{citeKitap bookkaynağı| last = Tabatabaei | first = Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn |authorlink = Allameh Tabatabaei | title = Shi'ite Islam | publisher=Suny press | year = 1979 |isbn = 978-0-87395-272-9|ref = harv}}