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Toplum Sözleşmesi ilerlemeci bir çalışmadır. Avrupa'da ve özellikle Fransa'da siyasi reformlar veya devrimlerin yapılabilmesi için teşvik edici bir nitelik taşımıştır. Monarşik düzene karşı muhalif bir yapı taşıyan Toplum Sözleşmesi yasal düzeni hakim kılmayı amaçlamaktadır.
''Toplumsal Sözleşme fikrinin merkezinde basitçe şu yer alır: Genel kanaatin yönlendirmesi ile belirlenen otorite ve bireylerin konumları, bütünün bölünmez parçaları ve bireylerin grupla ortaklığı temelinde birleşir.''
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:''The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: Each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole...''
==Overview==
The stated aim of the ''Social Contract'' is to determine whether there can be a legitimate political authority. In order to accomplish more and remove himself from the state of nature, man must enter into a Social Contract with others. In this social contract, everyone will be free because all forfeit the same amount of freedom and impose the same duties on all. Rousseau also argues that it is illogical for a man to surrender his freedom for [[slavery]]; and so, the participants must be free. Furthermore, although the contract imposes new laws, especially those safeguarding and regulating [[property]], a person can exit it at any time (except in a time of need, for this is desertion), and is again as free as when he was born.
Rousseau posits that any administration, whatever form it takes, should be divided into two parts. First, there must be the [[sovereign]] (which could be the whole population if that is the majority's desire) who represents the [[general will]] and is the legislative power within the state. The second division is that of the [[government]], being distinct from the sovereign. This division must be since the sovereign cannot deal with particular matters (it is then acting as particular wills and not the general will — the sovereign is no longer whole and therefore ruined), like applications of the law. Therefore a government must be separate from that of the sovereign body.
Rousseau claims that the size of the territory to be governed often decides the nature of the government. Since a government is only as strong as the people, and this strength is absolute, the larger the territory the more strength the government must be able to exert over the populace. In his view, a monarchical government is able to wield the most power over the people since it has to devote less power to itself, while a democracy the least. In general, the larger the [[bureaucracy]], the more power required for government discipline. Normally, this relationship requires the state to be an [[aristocracy]] or [[monarchy]]. In light of all this, Rousseau argues that, like his native [[Geneva]], small [[city-states]] are the form of nation in which freedom can best flourish. For any state large enough to require intermediaries between the people and the government, an elected aristocracy may be preferable, and in very large states a benevolent monarch; but even monarchical rule, to be legitimate, must be subordinate to the sovereign rule of law. -->
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