Liberalizm: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

'''Liberalizm''', (liberasyonizm) [[bireysel özgürlük]] üzerine kurulan bir [[Siyaset felsefesi|siyasi felsefe]] veya dünya görüşüdür.<ref>"liberalism In general, the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximize freedom of choice." ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics'', Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Third edition 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-920516-5</ref><ref>"political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and&nbsp;... individualism." John Dunn, ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'', Cambridge University Press, (1993), ISBN 978-0-521-43755-4</ref><ref>"With a nod to [[Robert Trivers]]' definition of altruistic behavior ({{Harvnb|Trivers|1971|p=35}}), [[Satoshi Kanazawa]] defines liberalism (as opposed to conservatism) as "the genuine concern for the welfare of genetically unrelated others and the willingness to contribute larger proportions of private resources for the welfare of such others" ({{Harvnb|Kanazawa|2010|p=38}}).</ref> Bireysel özgürlük ve bireysel haklar düşüncesiyle yola çıkan liberalizm, daha sonraki yıllarda farklı türlere bölündü ve [[Eşitlikçilik|bireylerin eşitlik]] ilkesinin de önemini vurgulamaya başladı. [[Klasik liberalizm]] bireysel özgürlüklerin rolünü vurgularken, [[sosyal liberalizm]] özgürlüğe vurgu yaptığı kadar; bireylerin eşitlik hakkı ilkesinin önemine vurgu yapar ve özgürlük ile eşitlik arasında denge kurmayı amaçlar.<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|Young|2002|p=39}}.</ref> Liberal görüşü savunanlar geniş bir görüş dizisi benimsemekle birlikte genellikle [[ifade özgürlüğü]], [[inanç özgürlüğü]], [[basın özgürlüğü]], [[serbest ticaret]], [[sivil haklar]], [[seküler devlet]], [[çoğulcu demokrasi]] ve [[özel mülkiyet]] gibi fikirleri destekler.<ref>Nigel Ashford “Özgür Toplumun İlkeleri”, Liberte yayınları</ref><ref name="Kathleen G. Donohue">{{Kitap kaynağı|url=http://books.google.com/?id=htuTnexZAo8C&pg=PA1&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|yazar=Kathleen G. Donohue|başlık=Freedom from Want: American Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History)|yayıncı=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|alıntı=Three of them - freedom from fear, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion - have long been fundamental to liberalism.|erişimtarihi=31 Aralık 2007|isbn=9780801874260|tarih=19 Aralık 2003}}</ref><ref name="The Economist">{{Kitap kaynağı|url=http://books.google.com/?id=KBzHAAAAIAAJ&q=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion|başlık=The Economist, Volume 341, Issues 7995-7997|yayıncı=[[The Economist]]|alıntı=For all three share a belief in the liberal society as defined above: a society that provides constitutional government (rule by laws, not by men) and freedom of religion, thought, expression and economic interaction; a society in which ...|erişimtarihi=31 Aralık 2007|yıl=1996}}</ref><ref name="Sheldon S. Wolin">{{Kitap kaynağı|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ndAdGl8ScfcC&pg=PA525&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|yazar=Sehldon S. Wolin|başlık=Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought|yayıncı=[[Princeton University Press]]|alıntı=While liberalism practically disappeared as a publicly professed ideology, it retained a virtual monopoly in the ... The most frequently cited rights included freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, property, and procedural rights|erişimtarihi=31 Aralık 2007|isbn=9780691119779|yıl=2004}}</ref><ref name="Edwin Brown Firmage, Bernard G. Weiss, John Woodland Welch">{{Kitap kaynağı|url=http://books.google.com/?id=mQJgnEITPRIC&pg=PA366&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|yazar=Edwin Brown Firmage, Bernard G. Weiss, John Woodland Welch|başlık=Religion and Law: Biblical-Judaic and Islamic Perspectives|yayıncı=[[Eisenbrauns]]|alıntı=There is no need to expound here the foundations and principles of modern liberalism, which emphasises the values of freedom of conscience and freedom of religion|erişimtarihi=31 Aralık 2007|isbn=9780931464393|yıl=1990}}</ref><ref name="John Joseph Lalor">{{Kitap kaynağı|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Xsk6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA760&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|yazar=John Joseph Lalor|başlık=Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States|yayıncı=Nabu Press|alıntı=Democracy attaches itself to a form of government: liberalism, to liberty and guarantees of liberty. The two may agree; they are not contradictory, but they are neither identical, nor necessarily connected. In the moral order, liberalism is the liberty to think, recognised and practiced. This is primordial liberalism, as the liberty to think is itself the first and noblest of liberties. Man would not be free in any degree or in any sphere of action, if he were not a thinking being endowed with consciousness. The freedom of worship, the freedom of education, and the freedom of the press are derived the most directly from the freedom to think.|erişimtarihi=31 Aralık 2007|yıl=1883}}</ref>