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Bazı tarihçilerin bu din hakkında görüş ayrımı vardır. Hades'in dünyasına gidip de geri dönmeleri ve bu durumda öteki dünyanın avantajlarını savunmaları, erken Hristiyanlığı etkilemiş olabilir.
== Özellikleri ==
Orfizm'in başlıca özellikleri şunlardır.
* by characterizing human souls as divine and immortal but doomed to live (for a period) in a "grievous circle" of successive bodily lives through [[metempsychosis]] or the [[transmigration of souls]].
* by prescribing an [[ascetic]] way of life which, together with secret initiation rites, was supposed to guarantee not only eventual release from the "grievous circle" but also communion with god(s).
* by warning of postmortem punishment for certain transgressions committed during life.
* by being founded upon sacred writings about the origin of gods and human beings.
== Deliller ==
Though distinctively Orphic views and practices are attested as early as [[Herodotus]], [[Euripides]], and [[Plato]], most of the sources to the teachings and practices of Orphism are late and ambiguous, and some scholars have claimed that Orphism is in fact a construction of a later date.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} However the recently discovered [[Derveni papyrus]] allows Orphic mythology to be dated back to the 4th century BC, and it is probably even older.<ref>[[Geoffrey Kirk|Kirk]], Raven, & Schofield, ''The Presocratic Philosophers'' (Cambridge, 1983, 2nd edition), pp. 30-31</ref> Other inscriptions found in various parts of the Greek world testify to the early existence of a movement with the same core beliefs that were later associated with the name of Orphism.
== Mitoloji ==
{{see also|Orpheus}}
The Orphic theogonies are genealogical works like the [[Theogony]] of [[Hesiod]], but the details are different. They are possibly influenced by Near Eastern models. The main story is this: [[Dionysus]] (in his incarnation as [[Zagreus]]) is the son of [[Zeus]] and [[Persephone]]; he is murdered and boiled by the [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]]s. Zeus hurls a thunderbolt on the Titans, as [[Hermes]] snatches Zagreus' heart to safety. The resulting ashes, from which sinful mankind is born, contain the bodies of the Titans and Dionysus. The soul of man (Dionysus factor) is therefore divine, but the body (Titan factor) holds the soul in bondage. It was declared that the soul returned repeatedly to life, bound to the wheel of rebirth.
The heart of Dionysus is implanted into the leg of Zeus; he then makes the mortal woman [[Semele]] pregnant with the re-born Dionysus. Many of these details are referred to sporadically in the classical authors.
* The "Protogonos Theogony", lost, composed ca. 500 BC which is known through the commentary in the [[Derveni papyrus]] and references in classical authors ([[Empedocles]] and [[Pindar]]).
* The "Eudemian Theogony", lost, composed in the 5th cent. BC. It is the product of a syncretic [[Dionysus|Bacchic]]-[[Kouretes|Kouretic]] cult.
* The "Rhapsodic Theogony", lost, composed in the [[Hellenistic]] age, incorporating earlier works. It is known through summaries in later [[Neoplatonism|neo-Platonist]] authors.
* Orphic hymns. 87 [[Dactylic hexameter|hexametric]] poems of a shorter length composed in the late [[Hellenistic]] or early [[Roman Empire|Roman Imperial]] age.
== Ehatoloji ==
The epigraphical sources demonstrate that the "Orphic" mythology about Dionysus' death and resurrection was associated with beliefs in a blessed afterlife. Bone tablets found in [[Olbia, Ukraine|Olbia]] (5th cent. BC) carry short and enigmatic inscriptions like: "Life. Death. Life. Truth. Dio(nysus). Orphics." The function of these bone tablets is unknown.
Gold leaves found in graves from [[Thurii]], [[Vibo Valentia|Hipponium]], [[Thessaly]] and [[Crete]] (4th cent. BC) give instructions to the dead. When he comes to Hades, he must take care not to drink of [[Lethe]] ("Forgetfulness"), but of the pool of [[Mnemosyne]] ("Memory"), and he must say to the guards:
: "I am the son of [[Gaia (mythology)|Earth]] and Starry [[Uranus (mythology)|Heaven]]. I am thirsty, please give me something to drink from the fountain of Mnemosyne."
Other gold leaves say:
: "Now you are dead, and now you are born on this very day, thrice blessed. Tell [[Persephone]], that [[Dionysus|Bacchus]] himself has redeemed you."
== Pitagorculuk ==
Orphic views and practices have parallels to elements of [[Pythagoreanism]]. There is, however, too little evidence to determine the extent to which one movement may have influenced the other.<ref>Parker, "Early Orphism", p. 501.</ref>
==Ayrıca Bakınız==
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