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'''III. Konrad''' ({{Dil|de|Konrad}}; {{Dil|it|Corrado}}; 1093 – 15 Şubat 1152) [[Hohenstaufen Hanedanı]]'ndan ilk [[Almanya hükümdarları listesi|Almanya kralı]]. [[I. Friedrich (Swabia Dükü)|Swabia Dükü I. Friedrich]] ile [[Agnes von Waiblingen|Agnes]]'in oğludur.{{Kdş|Frederick I|2000|p=xii}} Annesi, [[IV. Heinrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)|IV. Heinrich]]'in kızıdır.
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==Descent==
The origin of the House of Hohenstaufen in the [[Duchy of Swabia]] has not been conclusively established. Conrad's great-grandfather Frederick of Staufen was count in the [[Nördlinger Ries|Riesgau]] and in 1053 became Swabian [[Count palatine]], his son Frederick of Buren probably resided near present-day [[Wäschenbeuren]] and about 1050 married Countess Hildegard of [[Eguisheim|Egisheim]]-[[County of Dagsburg|Dagsburg]] from [[Alsace]].
Conrad's father took advantage of the conflict between King Henry IV of Germany and the Swabian duke [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]] during the [[Investiture Controversy]]. When Rudolf had himself elected German [[anti-king]] at [[Forchheim]] in 1077, Frederick of Hohenstaufen remained loyal to the royal crown and in 1079 was vested with the Duchy of Swabia by Henry IV, including an engagement with the king's minor daughter Agnes. He died in 1105, leaving two sons, Conrad and his elder brother [[Frederick II, Duke of Swabia|Frederick II]], who inherited the Swabian ducal title. Their mother entered into a second marriage with [[House of Babenberg|Babenberg]] margrave [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III of Austria]].
==Biography==
In 1105 Henry IV, [[Holy Roman Emperor]] since 1084, was overthrown by his son [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]], Conrad's uncle. Emperor since 1111, Henry V preparing for his second campaign to [[Kingdom of Italy (medieval)|Italy]] upon the death of Margravine [[Matilda of Tuscany]], in 1116 appointed Conrad a [[Duchy of Franconia|Duke of Franconia]].{{sfn|Barber|2004|p=193}} Conrad was marked out to act as regent for Germany, together with his elder brother, Duke Frederick II of Swabia. At the death of Henry V in 1125, Conrad unsuccessfully supported Frederick II for the kingship of Germany. Frederick was placed under a ban and Conrad was deprived of Franconia and the [[Kingdom of Burgundy]], of which he was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]]. With the support of the [[Free imperial city|imperial cities]], Swabia, and the [[Duchy of Austria]], Conrad was elected [[anti-king]] at [[Nuremberg]] in December 1127.
Conrad quickly crossed the Alps to be crowned [[King of Italy]] by [[Anselmo della Pusterla]], Archbishop of Milan, in the village of Monza.{{sfn|Marina|2013|p=395}} Over the next two years, he failed to achieve anything in Italy, however, and returned to Germany in 1130, after [[Nuremberg]] and [[Speyer]], two strong cities in his support, fell to [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair]] in 1129. Conrad continued in Lothair's opposition, but he and Frederick were forced to acknowledge Lothair as emperor in 1135, during which time Conrad relinquished his title as King of Italy. After this they were pardoned and could take again possession of their lands.
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[[Dosya:III Konrad atvonul Magyarorszagon.jpg|180px|thumb|right|III. Konrad ve ordusu Macaritan'da. [[Chronicon Pictum]]'dan bir tasvir]]
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After Lothair's death (December 1137), Conrad was elected king at [[Koblenz|Coblenz]] on 7 March 1138, in the presence of the papal legate [[Theodwin of Santa Rufina|Theodwin]]. Conrad was crowned at [[Aachen]] six days later (13 March) and was acknowledged in Bamberg by several princes of southern Germany. As [[Henry the Proud]], son-in-law and heir of Lothair and the most powerful prince in Germany, who had been passed over in the election, refused to do the same, Conrad deprived him of all his territories, giving the [[Duchy of Saxony]] to [[Albert the Bear]] and that of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] to [[Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria]]. Henry, however, retained the loyalty of his subjects. The civil war that broke out is considered the first act of the struggle between [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]], which later extended southwards to Italy. After Henry's death (October 1139), the war was continued by his son [[Henry the Lion]], supported by the Saxons, and by his brother [[Welf VI]]. Conrad, after a [[Siege of Weinsberg|long siege]], defeated the latter at [[Weinsberg]] in December 1140, and in May 1142 a peace agreement was reached in [[Frankfurt]].
In the same year, Conrad entered [[Bohemia]] to reinstate his brother-in-law [[Vladislaus II, Duke and King of Bohemia|Vladislav II]] as prince. The attempt to do the same with another brother-in-law, the Polish prince [[Władysław II the Exile|Ladislaus the Exile]], failed. Bavaria, Saxony, and the other regions of Germany were in revolt.
In 1146, Conrad heard [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] preach the [[Second Crusade]] at [[Speyer]], and he agreed to join [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] in a great expedition to the [[Holy Land]]. Before leaving, he had the nobles elect and crown his son [[Henry Berengar]] king. The succession secured in the event of his death, Conrad set out. His army of 20,000 men went overland, via [[Hungary]], causing disruptions in the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] territories through which they passed. They arrived at [[Constantinople]] by September 1147, ahead of the French army.
Rather than taking the coastal road around [[Anatolia]] through Christian-held territory, by which he sent most of his noncombatants, Conrad took his army across Anatolia. On 25 October 1147, they were defeated by the [[Seljuk Turks]] at the [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)|Battle of Dorylaeum]]. Conrad and most of the knights escaped, but most of the foot soldiers were killed or captured. The remaining 2,000 men of the German army limped on to [[Nicaea]], where many of the survivors deserted and tried to return home. Conrad and his adherents had to be escorted to [[Lopadium]] by the French, where they joined the main French army under Louis. Conrad fell seriously ill at [[Ephesus]] and was sent to recuperate in Constantinople, where his host the [[Byzantine emperor|Emperor]] [[Manuel I Comnenus|Manuel I]] acted as his personal physician. After recovering, Conrad sailed to [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], and from there reached [[Jerusalem]]. He participated in the ill-fated [[Siege of Damascus (1148)|Siege of Damascus]] and after that failure, grew disaffected with his allies. Another attempt to attack [[Ashkelon|Ascalon]] failed when Conrad's allies did not appear as promised, and Conrad returned to Germany.
In 1150, Conrad and Henry Berengar defeated Welf VI and his son [[Welf VII]] at the [[Battle of Flochberg]]. Henry Berengar died later that year and the succession was thrown open. The Welfs and Hohenstaufen made peace in 1152 and the peaceful succession of one of Conrad's family was secured.
Conrad,Konrad'ın ilk eşi [[Gertrude von Komburg]]'dan hiçbir erkek mirasçı olmadı. 1136'da Sulzbach kontu II. Berengar'ın kızı ve [[Bizans İmparatorluğu|Bizans imparatoru]] [[I. Manuil]]'in ilk karısı [[Bertha von Sulzbach]]'ın kız kardeşi [[Gertrud von Sulzbach]] ile evlendi. Gertrude, Conrad'ın çocuklarının annesi ve Bizans ile olan ittifakını güçlendiren bağlantıydı. ▼Conrad was never crowned emperor and continued to style himself "[[King of the Romans]]" until his death. On his deathbed, in the presence of only two witnesses, his nephew [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]] and the [[Bishop of Bamberg]], he allegedly designated Frederick his successor, rather than his own surviving six-year-old son [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick]]. Frederick Barbarossa, who had accompanied his uncle on the unfortunate crusade, forcefully pursued his advantage and was duly elected king in [[Cologne]] a few weeks later. The young son of the late king was given the Duchy of Swabia.
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▲Conrad, ilk eşi [[Gertrude von Komburg]]'dan hiçbir erkek mirasçı olmadı. 1136'da Sulzbach kontu II. Berengar'ın kızı ve [[Bizans İmparatorluğu|Bizans imparatoru]] [[I. Manuil]]'in ilk karısı [[Bertha von Sulzbach]]'ın kız kardeşi [[Gertrud von Sulzbach]] ile evlendi. Gertrude, Conrad'ın çocuklarının annesi ve Bizans ile olan ittifakını güçlendiren bağlantıydı.
== Soyu ==
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