Theodorus (Herakleios'un kardeşi): Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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20. satır:
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* [[Bizans-Sasani Savaşı (572-591)]]
* [[Müslümanların Levant'ı fethi]]
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Satır 28 ⟶ 27:
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'''Theodore''' ({{lang-la|Theodorus}}, {{lang-el|Θεόδωρος}}; fl. c. 610 – 636)
== Hayatı ==
[[Dosya:Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine solidus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|
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He was the son of the general and [[exarch of Africa]] [[Heraclius the Elder]], and is usually regarded as the brother (although [[John of Nikiu]] suggests him to be the half-brother) of Heraclius.<ref>Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), pp. 584, 1278</ref> Soon after Heraclius' overthrow of the emperor [[Phocas]] (r. 602–610), Theodore was appointed to the crucial post of ''[[curopalates]]'', controlling the palace administration, which at the time was ranked second in importance only to the imperial office itself.<ref name="PLRE1278">Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), p. 1278</ref><ref>Kaegi (2003), pp. 70–71</ref>
Satır 39 ⟶ 38:
Theodore reappears in 626, when he was sent with part of Heraclius' army against the forces of the Persian general [[Shahin Vahmanzadegan|Shahin]]. Theodore heavily defeated Shahin in northeastern [[Anatolia]], and then reportedly sailed to Constantinople, which was being [[Siege of Constantinople (626)|besieged]] by the [[Pannonian Avars|Avar]]-Sasanian forces. By the time he arrived, the siege was effectively at an end, but he engaged in negotiations with the Avar [[khagan]].<ref name="PLRE1278"/><ref>Greatrex & Lieu (2002), p. 207</ref><ref>Kaegi (2003), pp. 132, 138</ref> After conclusion of peace with [[Kavadh II]] in 628, Theodore was sent as his brother's envoy to organize the Persian withdrawal from Syria and northern Mesopotamia. According to the chroniclers, the Persian garrisons were reluctant to leave, despite his bearing letters from Kavadh. This was especially the case at [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]] in 629/630, where the local Jewish community allegedly encouraged the Persians to stay; the Byzantines had to set up siege machines and begin bombarding the city before the Persians agreed to withdraw. When Theodore's troops entered the city, they began attacking and killing the Jews, until Heraclius, petitioned by a Jew who managed to escape, sent an order to stop this.<ref name="PLRE1278"/><ref>Greatrex & Lieu (2002), pp. 225–227</ref><ref>Kaegi (2003), pp. 180, 202–203, 250</ref>
Theodore was left by Heraclius as his virtual viceroy in the East, and entrusted with the command of Byzantine forces and the restoration of imperial authority there. In this capacity, Theodore faced the first Muslim attacks on the Byzantine provinces. He seems to have underestimated the threat (he reportedly referred to the Arabs as "dead dogs"), and was unable to counter their raids.<ref>Kaegi (2003), pp. 226, 230–231</ref> He was probably the Byzantine commander at the [[Battle of Mu'tah]] in 629, the first major encounter of the Muslim Arabs and the Byzantines.<ref name="ODB">
Instead, his failure to counter the Muslim expeditions caused a rift in his relations with Heraclius; and Theodore allegedly criticized his brother's controversial marriage to his niece [[Martina (empress)|Martina]].<ref name="ODB"/><ref name="PLRE1279">Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), p. 1279</ref><ref name="Kaegi260-1">Kaegi (2003), pp. 260–261</ref> In response, Heraclius recalled Theodore to Constantinople and ordered his son [[Heraclonas]] to publicly humiliate and imprison him. This humiliation caused Theodore's son, also named Theodore, to participate in the abortive plot of [[John Athalarichos]] to overthrow Heraclius in 637.<ref name="ODB"/><ref name="PLRE1279"/><ref name="Kaegi260-1"/> Of Theodore's other son, Gregory, nothing is known.<ref name="PLRE1278"/>
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