Spiral: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

 

== Spiraller ve sarmallar {{anchor|Spiral ya da sarmal}} ==

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==In nature==

The study of spirals in [[nature]] has a long history, [[Christopher Wren]] observed that many [[Animal shell|shells]] form a [[logarithmic spiral]]. [[Jan Swammerdam]] observed the common mathematical characteristics of a wide range of shells from ''[[Helix (genus)|Helix]]'' to ''[[Spirula]]'' and [[Henry Nottidge Moseley]] described the mathematics of [[univalve]] shells. [[D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson|D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson]]'s ''On Growth and Form'' gives extensive treatment to these spirals. He describes how shells are formed by rotating a closed curve around a fixed axis, the [[shape]] of the curve remains fixed but its size grows in a [[geometric progression]]. In some shell such as ''[[Nautilus]]'' and [[ammonite]]s the generating curve revolves in a plane perpendicular to the axis and the shell will form a planar discoid shape. In others it follows a skew path forming a [[helix|helico]]-spiral pattern. Thompson also studied spirals occurring in [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]]s, [[teeth]], [[claw]]s and [[plant]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=D'Arcy|last=Thompson|title=On Growth and Form|year=1942|origyear=1917|}}</ref>

 

http://www.academia.edu/3642926/Attica_and_the_Cyclades_from_the_Chalcolithic_to_the_Early_Bronze_Age

 

The spiral and [[triple spiral]] motif is a [[Neolithic]] symbol in Europe ([[Megalithic Temples of Malta]]). The [[Celts|Celtic]] symbol the triple spiral is in fact a pre-Celtic symbol.<ref>Anthony Murphy and Richard Moore, ''Island of the Setting Sun: In Search of Ireland's Ancient Astronomers,'' 2nd ed., Dublin: The Liffey Press, 2008, pp. 168-169</ref> It is carved into the rock of a stone lozenge near the main entrance of the prehistoric [[Newgrange]] monument in [[County Meath]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. Newgrange was built around 3200 BCE predating the Celts and the triple spirals were carved at least 2,500 years before the Celts reached Ireland but has long since been incorporated into Celtic culture.<ref name="knowth.com"/><ref name="knowth.com">{{cite web|url=http://knowth.com/newgrange.htm |title=Newgrange Ireland - Megalithic Passage Tomb - World Heritage Site |publisher=Knowth.com |date=2007-12-21 |accessdate=2013-08-16}}</ref> The [[triskelion]] symbol, consisting of three interlocked spirals or three bent human legs, appears in many early cultures, including [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] vessels, on coinage in [[Lycia]], on [[stater]]s of [[Pamphylia]] (at [[Aspendos]], 370–333 BC) and [[Pisidia]], as well as on the [[heraldic]] emblem on warriors' shields depicted on Greek pottery.<ref>For example, the trislele on [[Achilles]]' round shield on an Attic late sixth-century ''[[hydria]]'' at the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]], illustrated in John Boardman, Jasper Griffin and Oswyn Murray, ''Greece and the Hellenistic World'' (Oxford History of the Classical World) vol. I (1988), p. 50.</ref>

 

Spirals are also a symbol of [[hypnosis]], stemming from the [[cliché]] of people and cartoon characters being hypnotized by staring into a spinning spiral (one example being [[Kaa]] in Disney's ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]''). They are also used as a symbol of [[dizziness]], where the eyes of a cartoon character, especially in [[anime]] and [[manga]], will turn into spirals to show they are dizzy or dazed. The spiral is also found in structures as small as the [[double helix]] of [[DNA]] and as large as a [[spiral galaxy|galaxy]]. Because of this frequent natural occurrence, the spiral is the official symbol of the [[World Pantheist Movement]].<ref name=WPM />

 

 

==In art==