Harry Potter kurgusal evreni: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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{{Çeviri yeri|Fictional universe of Harry Potter|İngilizce|en}}
[[J. K. Rowling]]'in ''[[Harry Potter]]'' fantastik roman serisinin kurgusal evreni iki farklı toplumdan oluşur: '''büyücüler dünyası''' ve '''[[Muggle]] dünyası'''. Muggle dünyası serinin büyülü olmayan çoğunluğunca yerleşik olan kısmıdır ve onlardan saklanan büyücülerin kendi dünyasıyla içiçedir. Serinin hikayesi büyünün sıkça kullanıldığı gizli ve ayrı bir gölge topluluğun var olduğu 1990'lar [[Büyük Britanya]]'sında geçer. Bu yeteneği kullanabilenler kendilerinin uyguladığı bir gizlilik içinde ve yetilerini dünyanın geri kalanından saklayarak yaşarlar. "Büyücü dünyası" ifadesi Muggle'lara paralel ve gizlice yaşayan küresel büyücülük topluluğuna atfen kullanılır. Farklı ifadeler ayrı dünyalar ve gezegenler yerine aynı yeri paylaşan farklı topluluklara atıf yapar.
==Fundamentals==
{{See also|Magic in Harry Potter}}
The entire ''Harry Potter'' series is set from 1991 to 1998 aside from the opening chapter of the first book, which takes place on 1 November 1981, and the epilogue of the seventh book, which takes place on 1 September 2017. The depiction of the wizarding world is centred on [[Magic in Harry Potter|magic]], which not only imbues objects such as [[Harry Potter Wands|wands]], but is portrayed as an inborn ability. It is also centred on the separation of the wizarding world from the non-wizarding, or Muggle, world. Despite being an inherent talent, magic is honed through study and training into a skill.
A great deal of effort is expended in keeping the Muggles unaware of magic. Originally the two worlds co-existed, however, persecution of those with magic meant Magical Laws have been put in place over the centuries, designed to keep the existence of the Magical World hidden from Muggles, the first and most important being the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy of 1692. Enchantment of Muggle artifacts is forbidden; under-age wizards are restricted from using magic outside school; and any deliberate revelation of magical ability to the Muggle community is punishable, although allowances are made for the use of magic in the presence of a Muggle if the wizard or witch is acting in self-defense or in defense of another. These laws are enforced by the [[Ministry of Magic]], while a special arm of it, the [[Obliviator]]s, has the job of making certain that Muggles who have seen magic in action will be left with no inconvenient memories. Exceptions to the secrecy include wizards' Muggle relatives and the highest political leaders, such as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Some aspects of the wizarding world are depicted as being less-than-modern in comparison to the non-wizarding world, sometimes even old-fashioned or quaint. The technological development of the wizarding world is substantially behind that of its Muggle counterpart — owls, for example, are a more cumbersome and slower way to send messages than simple phone calls. On the other hand, an owl can be sent to deliver a message without the sender needing to know the recipient's exact location or phone number, it's difficult to intercept or trace an owl, and owls can deliver packages as large as brooms. If one has instant access to magical power, the development of modern technology and science in the wizarding world would seem to be unnecessary.
However, a large number of technologically complex devices do exist, and most of these devices exist in the Muggle world. From a certain perspective, it can be seen that Magic and electricity are the equivalents of each other in their respective worlds, but electronic equipment doesn't work around magic-filled areas, such as [[Hogwarts]], and Muggle devices used by wizards (such as cameras and radios) can be made to function using magic instead of electricity. Such examples are rare, however; wizards rarely make use of Muggle technology, nor do they have much interest in doing so, even when such technology might make their lives much easier. Pure-blood Wizards are baffled by how Muggle technology works and most have no interest in understanding it (with occasional exceptions, such as Muggle aficionado [[Arthur Weasley]], whose dearest dream is "to find out how an aeroplane stays up"). "Muggle Studies" classes are offered at Hogwarts for those students with an interest. On several occasions, Harry Potter is tasked with having to explain the workings of commonplace Muggle technology, such as introducing the telephone to Mr Weasley in ''Chamber of Secrets''; at the beginning of ''Prisoner of Azkaban'', [[Ron Weasley]] makes his first telephone call with disastrous results for Harry.
The wizarding world has also not embraced modern Muggle modes of information transfer: instead of pens, paper, pencils, and computers, Hogwarts students use ink-dipped quills and parchment to take notes and do their homework. Money is also old-fashioned; when Muggle Britain was [[decimalisation|decimalised]] in 1971, Magical Britons continued with their system of 17 silver Sickles to a gold Galleon, and 29 bronze Knuts to a Sickle.
Many aspects of the British wizarding world have Muggle equivalents. For example, at 17 wizards can learn to Apparate, while Muggles can learn to drive cars. In the fifth and seventh years of Hogwarts or Muggle secondary school, external examinations take place. Some aspects of Muggle pop culture are also mirrored in the wizarding world such as rock music, posters, and tabloids. A few young wizards embrace Muggle culture whole-heartedly: as a teenager [[Sirius Black]]'s room was filled with pictures of Muggle pinup girls, motorcycles and rock bands in rebellion against his prejudiced Muggle-hating parents. It appears that Muggle music is somewhat popular in the Wizarding World; in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, music by the [[The Ordinary Boys]], a Muggle band, could be heard playing in the background of the Gryffindor common room.
Wizards and witches who are Muggle-born, or are Half-bloods (of mixed Muggle and Magical parentage) find it easier (or even commonplace) to integrate into Muggle society and take on Muggle trends as they are predisposed to Muggle ways growing up. [[Gryffindor]] student [[Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)|Dean Thomas]] has frequent references to the adorning of his part of the dormitory with posters of [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United Football Club]]. [[Albus Dumbledore]] has expressed interest in Muggle [[knitting]] patterns and [[ten pin bowling]].
==Geography==
{{See also|Places in Harry Potter}}
There is no separate "magical land" in the ''Harry Potter'' universe.
The wizarding world not only coexists alongside the world of Muggles,
but also is embedded within it. Only one settlement in Britain, the village of [[Hogsmeade]], is home to an entirely magical population. The vast majority of witches' and wizards' locations are integrated within the wider non-magical area. Wizards will often live in small communities of several families within Muggle villages such as [[Godric's Hollow]] in the West Country (home of the Dumbledores and the Potters) or Tinworth in Cornwall. The all-wizard [[Weasley family|Weasley]], Diggory, Lovegood, and Fawcett families live near the Muggle village of Ottery St Catchpole, in [[Devon]]. Many wizarding houses in the ''Harry Potter'' books are depicted as being on the outskirts of towns, usually isolated from most of the town.
Similarly, the wizard high street [[Diagon Alley]] lies in [[central London]], just off [[Charing Cross Road]]. A train called the [[Hogwarts Express]] departs from the real [[King's Cross Station]], albeit from [[Platform 9¾]]. These locations are hidden by a combination of Muggle-repelling charms, illusions, other magical protections (many magical locations, such as the Isle of Drear off the coast of Scotland, or the [[Quidditch]] World Cup Stadium, and the wizarding prison, [[Azkaban]], are rendered "Unplottable," or impossible to locate on a map) and depend on the natural tendency of everyday, non-magical people to ignore anything they cannot explain or understand. Hogwarts Castle appears as abandoned ruins to any Muggles close enough to see. Although wizarding society lives for the most part directly alongside Muggles, interaction between the two communities is virtually non-existent since the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy was introduced in 1692. Few wizards are aware of basic Muggle culture (for example, as a rule, wizards do not understand Muggle clothing customs). On the odd occasions when it may be necessary for a wizard or witch to dress in Muggle clothing, the result is usually comical. While the series is set in Great Britain, there is evidence that the wizarding world has locations throughout the globe, such as in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, when it describes many people at the Quidditch World Cup speaking foreign languages, the number of Irish wizards working for the Ministry and attending Hogwarts, as well as the various nationalities attending Beauxbatons and Durmstrang suggest the wizarding world's borders differ from the geopolitical divisions of the Muggle world. It is also suggested in [[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]] that wizards played a part in ancient Egyptian history, and possibly are behind many historical wonders in the modern world such as the Egyptian pyramids and tombs.
==Animals and plants==
{{Main|Magical creatures in Harry Potter}} {{Details3|[[List of fictional plants in Harry Potter]]|magical plants}}
The wizarding world is home to many magical creatures and plants, some of which are familiar from [[folklore]] and [[myth]]. [[giant (mythology)|Giant]]s, [[dragon]]s, [[unicorn]]s, [[boggart]]s, and [[goblins]] all have roles in the series, while many plants long believed to have magical properties, such as [[Mandrake (plant)|mandrake root]], [[Aconitum|aconite]], [[Asphodelus|asphodel]] and [[Artemisia (plant)|wormwood]], also make appearances. Within the stories, the [[conceit]] is that these creatures and their magical powers are real, but have been hidden for centuries from the non-magical world by the efforts of wizards, to the point where they have faded into folklore. In Hogwarts, some types of pets are allowed: cats, owls, rats, and toads. J.K. Rowling wrote a spin-off book about magical creatures to complement the main Harry Potter novels, titled ''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]''.
==Blood purity==
The longstanding separation between the Wizarding and Muggle worlds in the ''Harry Potter'' universe has led many wizards to advocate keeping the two apart. This view has, in turn, led to a minority of wizards seeing Muggles (and wizards of pure Muggle parentage) as untrustworthy, foolish, or, in extreme cases, racially inferior. The common practice of wizards marrying Muggles is viewed by such extremists as [[miscegenation]], and they instead advocate maintaining a so-called '''"purity of blood."''' This was part of Lord Voldemort's ideology, and the Black family disowned anyone who married a half-blood or muggle. However, in ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'', Hagrid states that there are very few wizards who actually have blood purity.
===Pure-blood===
'''''Pure-blood''''' is the term applied to wizards and witches who have no Muggle blood, Muggle borns, or half-bloods at all in their family tree. Although technically pure-bloods have no Muggle ancestors, the small wizarding population means that "true" pure-bloods are rare or even non-existent, with most just ignoring or disowning the few Muggles in their family.<ref>[http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=100 J.K.Rowling Official Site] ''JKRowling.com'' Retrieved on 24 April 2007.</ref> Identified pure-blood families include the Blacks, the Crouches, the Fudges, the Gaunts (though that line died out before the beginning of Book 1), the Lestranges, the Longbottoms, the Malfoys, the Potters and the Weasleys. To maintain their blood purity, [[Supremacism|supremacist]] families have been known to inbreed into their own families by marrying their cousins, resulting in mental instability and violent natures. The Gaunts displayed both tendencies by the time of the sixth book with the exception of Merope, the last female member of the line.<ref name={{HP5}}ch6>{{HP5}}, chapter 6</ref><ref name={{HP6}}ch10>{{HP6}}, chapter 10</ref>
Pure-blood supremacists believe blood purity is a measure of a wizard's magical ability – notwithstanding examples of highly skilled Muggle-born witches like Hermione Granger and Lily Evans, and less skilled pure-bloods such as Neville Longbottom – and Muggles to be low-life, having no magic in them. Supremacists apply the term "blood traitor" to pure-bloods who harbor no prejudice against non-pure-bloods (enjoying their presence and relations with them).
The hostile wizards in the ''Harry Potter'' books are almost all supremacists, while Harry and his friends disagree with this ideology. Rowling draws several parallels between the pure-blood supremacists and [[Nazi ideology]] in ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (the belief that pure-blood wizards have the right to subjugate the Muggle world and view themselves as a "master race", laws requiring Muggle-borns to register with the Ministry of Magic, rounding up Undesirables, etc.).<ref>Lord Voldemort himself advocates pure-bloods, despite he himself being a half-blood, which draws a parallel to Hitler not fitting into his Aryan Race.[http://www.tolerance.org/news/article_tol.jsp?id=1256 http://www.tolerance.org/news/article_tol.jsp?id=1256] ''Tolerance.org'' Retrieved on 04-24-07 {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5vvbWP3GV|date =22 January 2011}}</ref>
Not all pure-blood wizards are advocates of pure-blood supremacy: the Weasleys, Potters, and Longbottoms are old pure-blood families, but no known members of these families are sympathetic to supremacist aims.<ref name={{HP5}}ch6 /><ref name={{HP5}}ch23>{{HP5}}, chapter 23</ref><ref name={{HP2}}ch4>{{HP2}}, chapter 4</ref> The Black family, traditionally pure-blood supremacists, also seem to have produced one or two such "[[black sheep]]" in every generation, namely Sirius and Andromeda (Bellatrix and Narcissa's sister who married the Muggle-Born Ted Tonks).
Several wizards question the notion of blood purity altogether. In ''[[The Tales of Beedle the Bard]]'', Dumbledore asserts that the much-vaunted blood purity does not exist, and is only a fiction maintained by the deceptions of supremacist wizards.
====The Black family====
[[File:Harry Potter Family Tree.png|The Black family tree|thumb]]
Most of the members of '''The Noble and Most Ancient House of Black''' were advocates of [[Blood quantum laws|blood purity]], and many were involved with the [[Dark Arts (Harry Potter)|Dark Arts]] (example: Sirius’s brother Regulus was a [[Death Eater]]). The Black family home, at [[Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place]], [[London]], contains many artefacts of dubious origin and/or dangerous powers. The family motto, ''Toujours Pur'', is French for "Always/Still Pure," because the Black family was one of the few remaining lineages of completely pure blood. As depicted in their family tree, the Blacks intermarried with several other pure-blood families and also on occasions practised [[inbreeding]] to preserve pure-blood witches and wizards. Because of this, it was noted that most of the remaining pure-blood families are interrelated. The Blacks are related to virtually all. The last several generations of Blacks all trace their ancestry back to [[Phineas Nigellus Black]] and Ursula Flint. The Blacks believed in Voldemort's idea of "purifying the wizarding race," but many, such as Sirius' parents, refrained from openly supporting him once they saw what he was willing to do for power. Although several living members of the family appear throughout the series, all are either female and married into other families (such as Narcissa Malfoy and Bellatrix Lestrange), female-line [[Distaff#Other meanings|distaff]] Black descendants ([[Draco Malfoy]]), or descendants of disowned family members (such as Andromeda and [[Nymphadora Tonks]]), and none have the [[Black (surname)|surname Black]]. In 1996, the last known surviving bearer of the family name, Sirius, was murdered by his cousin [[Bellatrix Lestrange]] (''née'' Black) in ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]''.
The [[family tree]] is described in the fifth book, but it came more directly to public attention in January 2006 when the author donated a version she had hand-drawn to a [[Book Aid International]] charity auction. The tree caused a considerable stir amongst fans as it provided new information about elements of the plot of the series in between publication of [[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince|volumes six]] and [[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows|seven]]. It was eventually purchased for £30,000 on behalf of British actor [[Daniel Radcliffe]], who plays Harry Potter in the [[Harry Potter (films)|film series]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4739474.stm |title=Potter star buys Rowling document |publisher=BBC news 24 | date= 22 February 2006 | accessdate=2 June 2007 |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5vvbX7XFk |archivedate = 22 January 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref>
===Half-blood===
'''''Half-blood''''' refers to those wizards and witches who have magic and Muggle ancestors in their family trees. Half-bloods are the most common wizard blood, far outnumbering pure-bloods and Muggle-borns. Rowling has stated that, of the Hogwarts annual intake, 50% are half-bloods. Pure-blood supremacists view half-bloods as inferior to them, although superior to Muggles and Muggle-borns.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}
Voldemort is a half-blood since his father was a Muggle and his mother, a pure-blood. [[Severus Snape]] is also a half-blood (he gave himself the nickname "[[The Half-Blood Prince]]"), as his father Tobias Snape was a Muggle. Harry himself is a half-blood, since his mother was Muggle-born.
===Muggle-born===
'''''Muggle-born''''' is the term applied to wizards and witches who come from non-magical families. According to Rowling, the average Hogwarts annual intake for Muggle-borns is 25%.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}
Supremacists typically believe Muggle-borns to be magically deficient, despite examples to the contrary, such as [[Hermione Granger]] and [[Lily Evans]], who are exceptionally skilled in their abilities.<ref>{{HP2ref}}, chapter 4</ref>
Pure-blood supremacists refer to Muggle-borns with the offensive derogatory term '''''Mudblood'''''. [[Rubeus Hagrid|Hagrid]] was shocked to find out that [[Draco Malfoy]] uttered the term to Hermione in order to insult and provoke her, since the slur is never used in proper conversations. Hermione decided to [[Reclaimed word|reclaim]] and use the term "Mudblood" with pride instead of shame in an effort to defuse its value as a slur.<ref>{{HP7}}, chapter 24</ref>
During Voldemort's rule, Muggle-borns were legally required to register with the Muggle-Born Registration Commission. During this time, the Department of Mysteries "discovered" that Muggle-borns acquired their magic by "stealing" magic and wands from real wizards. Other wizards and witches rejected this notion, such as Ron Weasley, who asks how it is even possible to steal magic. After the fall of the regime, Dolores Umbridge (head of the Commission) and the supporters of this ideology are imprisoned for crimes against Muggle-borns.
===Squibs===
Squib is the term applied to a child who is born of magical parents, but who develops no magical abilities. They are considered to be the opposite of Muggle-born wizards/witches.<ref name="squib">[http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/extrastuff_view.cfm?id=19 http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/extrastuff_view.cfm?id=19] ''JKRowling.com'' Retrieved on 04-24-07</ref> Squib births are rare: the only squibs noted as such in the books are [[Argus Filch]], [[Arabella Figg]], and [[Molly Weasley]]'s [[second cousin]] who was an accountant. The Ministry does not require them to be registered as part of the Community.<ref name="squib"/> Squibs share some things with wizards and they are aware of and comprehend the wizarding world. They also can see Hogwarts, which ordinary Muggles cannot. However, according to Ron's [[Supporting Harry Potter characters#Auntie Muriel|Aunt Muriel]], the custom with squibs has been to send them to Muggle schools and encourage them to integrate into the Muggle world, which is "much kinder" than keeping them in the wizarding world where they will always be "second-class". In contrast to most of the wizarding world's acceptance and even respect for Muggles and Muggle-born wizards and witches, it is often considered embarrassing to have a squib in the family. Rowling has stated that Muggle-born witches and wizards are descended from squibs who married Muggles; the magical gene may resurface after many generations unexpectedly.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
===Mixed species===
Some wizards are the products of unions between humans and magical creatures of more-or-less human intelligence, such as Fleur Delacour and her sister Gabrielle (both quarter [[Magical_creatures_in_Harry_Potter#veela|veela]]), Professor Flitwick (a quarter [[Goblin (Harry Potter)|goblin]]), Madame Maxime and Hagrid (both half [[Magical_creatures_in_Harry_Potter#Giants|giant]]). Prejudiced wizards (such as Umbridge) often use the insulting term '''''half-breed''''' to refer to mixed-species wizards and [[Werewolf (Harry Potter)|werewolves]], or other beings such as [[house elves]], [[Mermaid|merpeople]] and [[Magical_creatures_in_Harry_Potter#Centaurs|centaur]]s (who are separate species). The centaurs within the series prefer to exist amongst themselves, with little interaction with humans.
==Kaynakça==
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