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'''Cinsel organ''' veya '''üreme organı''', [[erkek]]lerde [[penis]], [[kadın]]larda [[vajina]]ya verilen genel [[isim]]dir.
[[Dosya:CharaV3.jpg|thumb|right|The sex organs of a green [[alga]], ''[[Chara]]'' are the male [[Antheridium|antheridia]] (red) and female [[Archegonium|archegonia]] (brown).]]
Bir '''eşey organı''' veya '''birincil cins özellikleri''', dar bir şekilde tanımlanan, is any anatomical part of the body involved in [[sexual reproduction]] and constituting the [[reproductive system]] in a complex organism, especially the external [[sex]] organs; the external sex organs are also commonly referred to as the '''genitalia''' or '''genitals'''.<ref name="Sex organ1">{{cite web|title=Sex organ (sɛks ˈɔːɡən) | publisher=''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''|accessdate=September 14, 2013|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sex-organ}}</ref><ref name="Ashalatha">{{cite book |author=P. R. Ashalatha, G. Deepa| title = Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses | publisher =JP Medical Ltd|pages=252–274| isbn = 9350254239|year=2012| accessdate = September 14, 2013 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=B87CMxNW5lgC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wRk1UpK-J6mg2gWO34H4Ag&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBjge#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref>
== Penis ==
[[Moss]]es, [[fern]]s, and some similar plants have [[gametangia]] for reproductive organs, which are part of the [[gametophyte]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/Bio106/mosses.htm |title=Mosses and Ferns |publisher=Biology.clc.uc.edu |date=2001-03-16 |accessdate=2012-08-01}}</ref> The [[flower]]s of [[flowering plant]]s produce [[pollen]] and [[egg cell]]s, but the sex organs themselves are inside the gametophytes within the pollen and the [[ovule]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookflowers.html |title=Flowering Plant Reproduction |publisher=Emc.maricopa.edu |date=2010-05-18 |accessdate=2012-08-01}}</ref> [[Conifer|Coniferous plants]] likewise produce their sexually reproductive structures within the gametophytes contained within the [[Conifer cone|cones]] and pollen. The cones and pollen are not themselves sexual organs.
{{ana madde|Penis}}
[[Resim:Male genitals.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Penis]]
'''Penis''', [[erkek]] cinsel organı. [[Latince]]de "kuyruk" anlamına gelir.{{olgu}} Penis uyarıldığında damarlar kanla dolarak büyür ve sertleşir. Buna sertleşme (ereksiyon) denir. Sertleşen penis içindeki meninin dışarı atılmasına [[boşalma]] (ejekülasyon) denir.
== TerminologyVajina ==
{{ana madde|Vajina}}
The [[Latin]] term ''genitalia'', sometimes anglicized as ''genitals'', is used to describe the externally visible sex organs, known as ''primary genitalia'' or ''external genitalia'': in male mammals, the [[penis]] and [[scrotum]]; and in female mammals, the [[clitoris]] and [[vulva]].
[[Resim:Adult labia minora.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Vajina]]
'''Vajina''' ya da '''vajen''', [[kadın]] [[cinsel organ]]ı. Vajina girişi ile başlayan ve uç kısmında [[rahim ağzı]]nın yer aldığı içi boş silindir şeklinde ve normal halde yaklaşık 7-10 santimetre uzunluğunda, 3 santimetre genişliğinde bir yapıdır.
{{İnsan vücudu}}
The other, hidden sex organs are referred to as the ''secondary genitalia'' or ''internal genitalia.'' The most important of these are the [[gonad]]s, a pair of sex organs, specifically the [[Testis|testes]] in the male or the [[Ovary|ovaries]] in the female. Gonads are the true sex organs, generating reproductive [[gamete]]s containing inheritable [[DNA]]. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.
[[Kategori:Cinsel organlar|*]]
A more ambiguously defined term is ''[[erogenous zone]]'', subjectively, any portion of the body that when stimulated produces [[erotic]] sensation, but always prominently including the genitalia.
In general zoology, given the great variety in organs, physiologies, and behaviors involved in [[copulation]], male genitalia are more strictly defined as "all male structures that are inserted in the female or that hold her near her [[gonopore]] during sperm transfer"; female genitalia are defined as "those parts of the female reproductive tract that make direct contact with male genitalia or male products (sperm, [[spermatophores]]) during or immediately after copulation".<ref>Eberhard, W.G., 1985. Sexual Selection and Animal Genitalia. Harvard University Press</ref>
== Memeliler ==
{{anchor|İnsan genitalleri}}
=== Dış ve iç organlar ===
{{Daha fazla|Memeli üreme sistemi|İnsan üreme sistemi}}
Memeli genitallerinin görünür kısmı, eriller için [[skrotum]] ve [[memeli penisi|penisten]] oluşurken; dişiler için ise [[labia]], [[klitoris]] ve [[vajina]]dan oluşur.
[[Plasentalı memeliler]]de, dişiler iki genital açıklığa (vajina ve üretra) sahipken, eriller ise yalnızca bir açıklığa ([[Dış üretral açıklık (eril)|üretra]]) sahiptir.<ref name="Wake1992">{{Kitap kaynağı |yazar=Marvalee H. Wake |başlık=Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VKlWjdOkiMwC&pg=PA583 |erişimtarihi=6 Mayıs 2013 |tarih=15 Eylül 1992 |yayımcı=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-87013-7 |sayfa=583}}</ref> Eril ve dişi genitalleri, zevkli ve son derece hassas bir dokunuşla sonuçlanan çok sayıda sinir ucuna sahiptir.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gbsZyQ1_muUC&pg=PT13&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tUF7T_LBIYaL8gPv9-SkCA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false Sexual Intimacy in Marriage] William Cutrer</ref><ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I9xrbK6CwzUC&pg=PA9&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oD97T8mgD-Or0QX0_d2uCQ&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=&f=false Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness] Brigitta Olsen</ref> Birçok insan topluluğunda, In most human societies, özellikle de muhafazakar olanlarda, genitaller particularly in [[social conservatism|conservative]] ones, genitals are considered a [[kamu ahlaksızlığı]] olarak düşünülür ve hatta bazen [[kamuda örtülmemiş bırakıand sometimes even [[indecent exposure|illegal if left uncovered in public]].<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fxYhR6hqc3QC&pg=PA219&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_-IzT8-4N4bN0QXNwcm0Ag&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide?] retrieved 9 February 2012</ref>
In [[mammals]], sex organs include:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Female]]
! [[Male]]
|-
|
*[[Bartholin's gland]]s
*[[Cervix]]
*[[Clitoris]]
**[[Clitoral frenulum]]
**[[Clitoral glans]] (glans clitoridis)
**[[Clitoral hood]]
*[[Fallopian tube]]s
*[[Labia]]
**[[Labia majora]]
**[[Labia minora]]
***[[Frenulum of labia minora]]
*[[Ovary|Ovaries]]
*[[Skene's gland]]
*[[Uterus]]
*[[Vagina]]
*[[Vulva]]
[[File:Vulva with tiny labia minora.jpg|160px|thumb|center|An image of human female external sex organs (shaved pubic hair)]]
|
*[[Bulbourethral gland]]s
*[[Epididymis]]
*[[Penis]]
**[[Foreskin]]
**[[Frenulum of penis]]
**[[Glans penis]]
*[[Prostate]]
*[[Scrotum]]
*[[Seminal vesicle]]s
*[[Testicle]]s
[[File:Cropped Penis des Menschen.jpg|160px|thumb|center|An image of human male external sex organs]]
|}
=== Development ===
{{Main|Development of the reproductive system}}
In typical [[prenatal development]], sexual organs originate from a common [[Anlage (biology)|anlage]] anatomy during early [[gestation]] and differentiate into male or female variations. The [[SRY]] [[gene]], usually located on the [[Y chromosome]] and encoding the [[testis determining factor]], determines the direction of this differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.
Thereafter, the development of the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testes) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the [[fetal genitalia]] (a few weeks after conception) looks basically feminine: a pair of "[[urogenital folds]]" with a small protuberance in the middle, and the [[urethra]] behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes, and if the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the penile urethra.
Each sexual organ in one sex has a [[homology (biology)|homologous]] counterpart in the other one. See a [[list of homologues of the human reproductive system]]. In a larger perspective, the whole process of [[sexual differentiation]] also includes development of [[secondary sexual characteristics]] such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty. Furthermore, differences in brain structure arise, affecting, but not absolutely determining, behavior.
[[Intersex]] is the development of genitalia somewhere between typical male and female genitalia. Once the child is born, the parents are faced with decisions that are often difficult to make, such as whether or not to modify the genitalia, [[Sex assignment|assign the child as male or female]], or leave the genitalia as is. Some parents allow their doctors to choose. If they do decide to modify the genitalia, they have approximately a 50% chance of getting genitalia that will match the child's [[gender identity]]. If they pick the wrong one, their child may begin to show symptoms of [[transsexualism]], which can lead them to a life of discomfort until they are able to remedy the issue.<ref name="Anne Fausto Sterling">{{cite book|last=Fausto Sterling|first=Anne|title=Sexing The Body|year=2000|publisher=New York|location=New York|pages=44–77}}</ref>
Because of the strong [[sexual selection]] affecting the structure and function of genitalia, they form an organ system that evolves faster that any other.<ref>Schilthuizen, M. 2014. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=xqM7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT2&dq=nature%27s+nether+regions&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=iV3xVOmpLob7PJaagRA&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=nature's%20nether%20regions&f=false Nature's Nether Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves]. Penguin USA</ref> A great variety of genital form and function may therefore be found among animals.
== Bitkiler ==
{{Ana madde|Nesillerin ardalanması}}
{{Ana madde|Bitki üreme morfolojisi}}
[[Kara bitkisi|Kara bitkilerinin]] [[Biyolojik yaşam döngüsü|yaşam döngüsü]], bir [[sporofit]] ve bir [[haploid]] [[gametofit]] arasında [[nesillerin ardalanması]]nı kapsar. Gametofit [[mitoz bölünme]] ile sperm ve/veya yumurta hücrelerini üretir. The sporophyte produces spores by [[meiosis]] which in turn develop into gametophytes. Any sex organs that are produced by the plant will develop on the gametophyte. The [[seed plant]]s, which include [[conifer]]s and [[flowering plant]]s have small gametophytes that develop inside the pollen grains (male) and the [[ovule]] (female).
=== Çiçekli bitkiler ===
[[Çiçekli bitkiler]]de eşeyli üreme, eril ve dişi üreme hücreleri olan sperm ve yumurta hücrelerinin birleşimini kapsar. Polen is produced in [[stamen]]lerde üretilir ve tabanında [[yumurtalık|yumurtalığı]] olan [[pistil]]e tanışınır, burada [[döllenme]]nin meydana gelir. Her bir polenin içindeki tanecik, yalnızca üç hücreden oluşan bir eril gametofitidir. Birçok çiçekli bitkide, yumurtalığın içerisindeki dişi gametofiti yalnızca yedi hücreden oluşur. Bu yüzden hiç eşey organı yok gibidir.
== Ayrıca bakınız ==
{{colbegin||22em}}
*[[Androloji]]
*[[Ebelik ve jinekoloji]]
*[[Erdişi]]
*[[Ergenlik]]
*[[Genital modifikasyon ve mutilasyon]]
*[[Histerektomi]]
*[[Intimate part]]
*[[İkincil cins özellikleri]]
*[[İnsan cinselliği]]
*[[Ooferektomi]]
{{colend}}
== Kaynaklar ==
{{Kaynakça}}
== İleri okuma ==
{{commonscat|Sexual anatomy}}
* {{Kitap kaynağı |yazarlar=Leonard, Janet L. and Alex Córdoba-Aguilar |başlık=The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals |yıl=2010 |yayımcı=Oxford University Press |konum=Oxford |isbn=0199717036}}
{{Sex}}
{{human anatomical features}}
{{Organ systems}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sex Organ}}
[[Category:Sexual anatomy]]
[[Category:Sex organs| ]]
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