Arthur Ashe: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

[[Afrikalı-Amerikalı]] Ashe, [[ABD Davis Cup takımı]]na seçilen ilk siyahi sporcuydu. Ashe [[Wimbledon Tenis Turnuvası|Wimbledon]], [[Amerika Açık (tenis)|Amerika Açık]] ve [[Avustralya Açık]]'ı kazanan tek siyah olmuştu. 1980'de kariyerini noktaladı. 1968 yılında [[Harry Hopman]] tarafından dünyanın bir numarası ilan edilen sporcu, 1975'te de ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'''tan Lance Tingay ve ''World Tennis Magazine'' tarafından birinciliğe layık görüldü.<ref name="ToledoBlade1968"/><ref name="Lewiston1975">[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U2MgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EWYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4944,1369860&dq=no+1+world+rankings+arthur+ashe+1975&hl=en "Ashe Ranked 1"], ''The Lewiston Daily Sun'', December 9, 1975.</ref> ATP bilgisayar sıralamalarına göre ise en iyi derecesine Mayıs 1976'daki ikincilikle ulaştı.

 

 

 

== İlk dönemleri ==

 

 

 

 

== Kariyeri ==

In 1963, Ashe became the first black player ever selected for the [[United States Davis Cup team]]. In 1965, Ashe won the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) singles title and contributed to UCLA's winning the team NCAA tennis championship.

 

 

In 1968, Ashe won the [[United States Amateur Championships (Men's Tennis)|United States Amateur Championships]] against Davis Cup Teammate Bob Lutz, and the first [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] of the [[History of tennis#Open Era|open era]], becoming the first black male to capture the title; his ability to compete in the championship (and avoid the Viet Nam war) arose from his brother Johnnie's selfless decision to serve an additional tour in his stead.<ref>http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/9600431/our-latest-30-30-documentary-short-examines-how-johnnie-love-brother-arthur-changed-their-lives-tennis-history</ref> He also aided the U.S Davis Cup team to victory. He is the only player to have won both of these amateur and open national championships in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/famer.aspx?pgID=867&hof_id=45 |title=Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr. |publisher=TennisFame.com |accessdate=September 9, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In January 1970, Ashe won his second [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] singles title at the Australian Open. In September 1970 Ashe turned professional by signing a five-year contract with [[Lamar Hunt]]'s [[World Championship Tennis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ashe signs 5-year professional contract|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4NhFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1r0MAAAAIBAJ&dq=lamar%20hunt%20tennis&pg=6071%2C4381773|newspaper=The Telegraph-Herald|date=Sep 16, 1970}}</ref> Concerned that tennis professionals were not receiving winnings commensurate with the sport's growing popularity, Ashe supported the formation of the [[Association of Tennis Professionals]] in 1972. That year proved momentous for Ashe when he was denied a visa by the [[South Africa]]n government, and was thus kept out of the [[South African Open (tennis)|South African Open]]. Ashe used this to publicize South Africa's [[apartheid]] policies: in the media, Ashe called for South Africa to be expelled from the professional tennis circuit.

 

=== Sağlık sorunları ===

 

In 1979, Ashe suffered a heart attack, which surprised the public in view of his high level of fitness as an athlete. His condition drew attention to the hereditary aspect of heart disease. Ashe underwent a quadruple [[Coronary artery bypass surgery|bypass]] operation, performed by Dr. John Hutchinson on December 13, 1979.<ref name=DoG>{{cite book |title= Days of Grace: A Memoir |last= Rampersad |first= Arnold |coauthors= Arthur Ashe |year= 1993 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location= New York |isbn= 0-679-42396-6. |page= 35}}</ref> A few months after the operation, Ashe was on the verge of making his return to professional tennis. However, during a family trip in [[Cairo, Egypt]], he developed chest pains while running. Ashe stopped running and returned to see physician and was accompanied by his close friend Douglas Stein. Stein urged Ashe to return to New York City so he could be close to his cardiologist and surgeon.<ref name=DoG /> In 1983, Ashe underwent a second round of heart surgery to correct the previous bypass surgery.

! Tournament !! 1959 !! 1960 !! 1961 !! 1962 !! 1963 !! 1964 !! 1965 !! 1966 !! 1967 !! 1968 !! 1969 !! 1970 !! 1971 !! 1972 !! 1973 !! 1974 !! 1975 !! 1976 !! colspan="2"| 1977¹ !! 1978 !! 1979 !! Career SR !! Career Win-Loss

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==== Tekler ====

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*In 1979, Arthur Ashe was inducted into the [[Virginia Sports Hall of Fame]]. In commenting on his induction, the Hall noted that, ”Arthur Ashe was certainly a hero to people of all ages and races, and his legacy continues to touch the lives of many today. For Arthur Ashe, tennis was a means to an end. Although he had a lucrative tennis career, it was always more than personal glory and individual accolades. He used his status as an elite tennis player to speak out against the moral inequalities that existed both in and out of the tennis world. Ashe sincerely wanted to bring about change in the world. What made him stand out was that he became a world champion along the way.”<ref>[http://vshfm.com/hall/induct_ashe.html Ashe induction] at Virginia Sports Hall of Fame</ref>

*In 1985, Ashe was inducted into the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]].

 

== Ayrıca bakınız ==

*[[Arthur Ashe Courage Award]]

*[[Arthur Ashe Kids' Day]]

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