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==Geliştirilmesi ve kullanımı==
===Savunma amaçlı===
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===Ancient===
[[Image:Buhen3.jpg|thumb|300px|top|North view of the fortress of [[Buhen]] in [[Ancient Egypt]].]]
Some of the oldest evidence of moats has been uncovered around [[ancient Egypt]]ian fortresses. One example is at [[Buhen]], a fortress excavated in [[Nubia]]. Other evidence of ancient moats is found in the ruins of Babylon, and in reliefs from ancient Egypt, [[Assyria]], and other cultures in the region.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.sabi-abyad.nl/tellsabiabyad/resultaten/index/0_38/0_38/?language=en|title=Archaeology in Syria Tell Sabi Abyad}}, article on Netherlands National Museum of Antiquities website</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last = Oreddsen| first = Dag| authorlink = Dag Oredsson| title = Moats in Ancient Palestine| publisher = Almqvist & Wiksell International | date = November 2000| url = http://www.coronetbooks.com/books/m/moat8921.htm}}</ref>
===Medieval===
Moats were excavated around [[castle]]s and fortifications as part of the defensive system as an obstacle immediately outside the [[Defensive wall|walls]]. In suitable locations they might be filled with water. A moat made access to the walls difficult for siege weapons, such as [[siege tower]]s and [[battering ram]]s, which needed to be brought up against a wall to be effective. A water-filled moat made the practice of [[Mining (military)|mining]], digging tunnels under the fortifications in order to effect a collapse of the defences, very difficult as well. ''Segmented moats'' have one dry section and one section filled with water. Dry moats cut across the narrow part of a spur or peninsula are called ''[[neck ditch]]es''. Moats separating different elements of a castle, such as the inner and outer wards are ''cross ditches''.
The word was adapted in [[Middle English]] from the [[Old French]] ''motte'' "mound, hillock" and was first applied to the central mound on which a fortification was erected (see [[Motte and bailey]]), and then came to be applied to the excavated ring, a "dry moat". The shared derivation implies that the two features were closely related and possibly constructed at the same time.<ref>{{citation |last=Friar |first=Stephen |year=2003 |title=The Sutton Companion to Castles |page=214 |publisher=Sutton Publishing |location=Stroud |isbn=978-0-7509-3994-2}}</ref> The term ''moat'' is also applied to natural formations reminiscent of the artificial structure, and to similar modern architectural features.
===Later western fortification===
With the introduction of siege [[artillery]], a new style of fortification emerged in the 16th century using low walls and projecting strong points called [[bastion]]s, which was known as the ''[[trace italienne]]''. The walls were further protected from infantry attack by wet or dry moats, sometimes in elaborate systems.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aeVAPShsbTMC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=artillery+fortifications+development&source=bl&ots=Upq5-Xia_n&sig=NXhSzqCHnhxezlhlpvT_2A1jpJQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VEZaUJuLC-ma0QWDy4CQAQ&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=artillery%20fortifications%20development&f=false Jean-Denis and G. G. Lepage, French Fortifications, 1715-1815: An Illustrated History, McFarland & Co 2010 (pp.46-50)]</ref> When this style of fortification was superseded by lines of [[polygonal fort]]s in the mid-19th century, moats continued to be used for close protection.<ref>[http://www.fsgfort.com/uploads/pdfs/Public/Introduction%20to%20Fortifications%20P.pdf Fortress Study Group: Simon Barrass, An Introduction to Artillery Fortification, 2011]</ref>
[[Image:Naarden kl.JPG|thumb|right|270px|The 17th century fortified town of [[Naarden]], [[Netherlands]], showing bastions projecting into the wet moat]]
===Africa===
Ancient Nigeria –
The [[Walls of Benin]] were a combination of ramparts and moats, called Iya, used as a defense of the capital [[Benin City]] in present-day Edo State of Nigeria. It was considered the largest man-made structure lengthwise, second only to the Great Wall of China and the largest earthwork in the world. With more recent work by Patrick Darling, it has been established as the largest man-made structure in the world, larger than Sungbo’s Eredo. It enclosed 6,500 km² of community lands. Its length was over 16,000 km of earth boundaries. It was estimated that earliest construction began in 800 AD and continued into the mid-1400s.
The walls are built of a ditch and dike structure; the ditch dug to form an inner moat with the excavated earth used to form the exterior rampart.
The Benin Walls were ravaged by the British in 1897. Scattered pieces of the walls remain in Edo, with material being used by the locals for building purposes. The walls continue to be torn down for real estate developments.
The Walls of Benin City were the world’s largest man-made structure. Fred Pearce wrote in New Scientist:
“They extend for some 16,000 kilometres in all, in a mosaic of more than 500 interconnected settlement boundaries. They cover 6,500 square kilometres and were all dug by the Edo people. In all, they are four times longer than the Great Wall of China, and consumed a hundred times more material than the Great Pyramid of Cheops. They took an estimated 150 million hours of digging to construct, and are perhaps the largest single archaeological phenomenon on the planet.”
===Asia===
[[Image:Imperial Palace Tokyo Map.png|thumb|upright|Map of the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace]] and surrounding Gardens showing the elaborate moat system]][[Japanese castle]]s often have very elaborate moats, sometimes with many moats laid out in concentric circles around the castle and a host of different patterns engineered around the landscape. Japanese castles will have up to three of these concentric moats. The outer moat of Japanese castles typically protects other support buildings in addition to the castle.
As many Japanese castles have historically been a very central part of their respective city, the moats have provided a vital waterway to the city. Even in modern times, the moat system of the [[Kōkyo|Tokyo Imperial Palace]] comprises a very active body of water, hosting everything from rental boats and fishing ponds to restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Japan Today|url=http://www.japantoday.com/jp/shukan/358|title=Imperial Palace moats illegally occupied by businesses|date=August 25, 2006}}</ref>
Most modern Japanese castles have moats filled with water, but castles in the feudal period more commonly had 'dry moats' (karahori, 空堀), essentially a ditch. Even today, it is common for mountain Japanese castles to have dry moats.
Moats were also used in the [[Forbidden City]] and [[Xi'an]] in China; in [[Vellore]] in India; and in Southeast Asia, such as at [[Angkor Wat]] in [[Cambodia]] and [[Chiang Mai]] in [[Thailand]].
===North America===
While moats are commonly associated with European castles, they were also developed by [[North America]]n [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]] of the [[Mississippian culture]] as the outer defence of some fortified villages. The remains of a 16th-century moat are still visible at the [[Parkin Archeological State Park]] in eastern [[Arkansas]]. Further, the term ''moat'' was used to describe dry ditches surrounding forts built by colonials or Americans to protect important landmarks, harbors, or cities (see: [[Fort Jay]] on [[Governors Island]]).
The Mayans also used moats in the city of [[Becan]].
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===Modern kullanım===
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