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Parahoxozoa

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ParaHoxozoa (veya Parahoxozoa), Bilateria, Placozoa, ve Cnidaria'dan oluşan bir hayvan kladıdır.[2] Bu kladın diğer iki hayvan soyu olan Ctenophora ve Porifera ile ilişkisi tartışmalıdır. Bazı filogenomik çalışmalar, Ctenophora'nın Parahoxozoa'nın kardeş grubu, Porifera'nın da diğer hayvanlarla kardeş grubu olduğunu destekleyen kanıtlar sunmuştur (örn.[3][4][5][6][7][8]). Bazı araştırmalar, Porifera'nın Parahoxozoa'nın ve Ctenophora'nın diğer hayvanların kardeş grubu olduğunu destekleyen kanıtlar sunmuştur (örn.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]).

ParaHoxozoa
Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 605,2-0 myö
Ediyakaran-Günümüz 
Trichoplax adhaerens
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Animalia
Alt âlem: Eumetazoa
Klad: ParaHoxozoa
Ryan vd., 2010[1]
Kladlar

Bu filogenomik çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu ile uyumlu olan aşağıdaki ağaç, bu belirsizliği bir politomi ile aktarmaktadır.

Choanozoa
 

Choanoflagellata

 
Animalia
 

Ctenophora

 
 

Porifera

 
Parahoxozoa
 

Placozoa

 
Planulozoa
 

Cnidaria

 
 

Bilateria

 
 
 
 
 

Karakteristik değiştir

Parahoxozoa, kladın adını aldığı Hox/ParaHox-ANTP'nin yanı sıra, birkaç gen altsınıfının (HNF, CUT, PROS, ZF, CERS, K50, S50-PRD) varlığıyla da tanımlandı. Daha sonra Hox/ParaHox, NK geni ve Cdx Parahox geninin aynı sınıfta (ANTP) ve sünger olan Porifera'da mevcut olduğu iddia edildi.[25][26][27] ParaHox geninin kesin olarak tanımlanıp tanımlanmadığına bakılmaksızın, Parahoxozoa, orijinal olarak tanımlandığı gibi monofiletik olduğundan bu şekilde kullanılmaya devam eder.[28]

Planula-acoel, triploblasti, ve bilateria benzerlikleri değiştir

Orijinal Bilateria'nın, tek vücut açıklığına sahip, dipte yaşayan bir solucan olduğu varsayılmaktadır.[29] Bununla birlikte, Ctenophora ile içten bir gelişmişlik de olabilir.[30] İç-bağırsak, dudakların kaynaşmasıyla tek bir açıklığın köşelerinden gelişmiş de olabilir. Örneğin: Acoela, bazı bilaterian simetrilerini sergileyen bazı Cnidaria'ların planula larvalarına benzer. Tıpkı Cnidarian Buddenbrockia'nın[31][32][33] olduğu gibi vermiformdur ve Placozoa'nın planulayla benzerlikler kaydedilmiştir.[34] Genellikle, "Planulozoa", Placozoa'nın dışında tutulur, ancak her zaman geçerli değildir. Bu konuda Parahoxozoa ile eş anlamlı görünmektedir.[35] Ayrıca, Triploblasti'de Cnidara-Bilateria radyasyonundan önce gelişmiştir.[36]

Kaynakça değiştir

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