Payonya

Antik çağda, Paeonya veya Payonya (/piːˈoʊniə/; Yunanca: Παιονία) Paeonyalıların (Παίονες) toprakları ve krallığıydı.

Paeonya'nın tam orijinal sınırları, sakinlerinin kadim tarihi gibi belirsizdir, ancak bugünkü Kuzey Makedonya'nın çoğu ve Yunan Makedonyası'nın kuzey-orta kısımlarına kabaca karşılık geldiği bilinmektedir. ^{[not 1]} ve güneybatı Bulgaristan'ın küçük bir kısmı.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Ancak antik tarih yazarları, Paeonya'yı Dardanya'nın (günümüz Kosova'sına benzer bir alan) güneyinde, Trakya dağlarının batısında ve en güneydeki İliryaların doğusunda olduğunu ifade eder.^[5] Paeonya, Vardan nehrinin Scupi (modern Üsküp) alanından Bylazora vadisine (modern Sveti Nikole yakınında) geçtiği dağlar ile Dardanya'dan ayrılmaktadır. İlyada'da, Paeonyalıların Truvalıların müttefikleri olduğu ifade edilir. Perslerin, Yunanistan'ı işgali sırasında Paeoplae ve Siropaiones dahil Prasias Gölü'ne kadar Paeonyalılar, Paeonya'dan doğuya sürülmüşlerdir.^[6] M.Ö. 355-354'te Makedonyalı II. Philip, Paeonya Kralı Agi'nin ölümünden yararlanarak Paeonya Krallığını ele geçirmek için bölgeye karşı sefer düzenledi. Böylece antik Paeonia'nın güney kısmı eski Makedonya krallığı tarafından ilhak edildi ve "Makedon Paeonyası" olarak adlandırılmıştır.

Kabileler değiştir

Paeonya kabileleri:

Agrianes^[7] (ayrıca, Agriani ve Agrii), kabilenin Trakya'da olduğu da iddia edilir.
Almopians^[8] (ayrıca Almopioi)
Laeaeans^[7] (ayrıca Laeaei ve Laiai)
Derrones^[9] (ayrıca Derroni), kabilenin Trakya'da olduğu da iddia ediliyor.
Odomantes^[10](ayrıca Odomanti), kabilenin Trakya olduğu da iddia ediliyor.^[11]
Paeoplae^[12]
Doberes^[13]
Siropaiones^[14]

Notlar değiştir

^ Yani muhtemelen Peonya, Almopya, Sindiki, Irakleia ve Serez'in olduğu bölgeler.

Kaynakça değiştir

^ Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. s. 13. ISBN 1-4051-7936-8. 16 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Nisan 2020.
^ "Paeonia". Encyclopædia Britannica online. 18 Nisan 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
^ Reames, Jeanne (2008). Howe, Timothy (Ed.). Macedonian Legacies. Regina Books. s. 239. ISBN 1930053568. Paeonia, roughly where the F.Y.R.O.M. is today.
^ Ovid; Green, Peter (2005). The Poems of Exile. University of California Press, 2005. p. 319. Ovid was lax in his geography, not least over Paeonia (in fact roughly coextensive with the present F.Y.R.O.M.).
^ Strabo, "Geography", 7, Frg.4, 9.5.1
^ The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period (google kitaplar)
^ ^a ^b Early symbolic systems for communication in Southeast Europe, Part 2 by Lolita Nikolova, 1-84171-334-1, 2003, page 529, "eastern Paionians (Agrianians and Laeaeans)"
^ The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, Robert B. Strassler, Richard Crawley, and Victor Davis Hanson, 1998, 0-684-82790-5, page 153,"... of them still live round Physcasb- and the Almopians from Almopia.
^ The Cambridge Ancient History, Martin Percival Charlesworth, 0-521-85073-8, 978-0-521-85073-5 Volume 4, Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, C. 525 to 479 B.C, John Boardman, page 252, "The Paeonians were the earlier owners of some of these mines, but after their defeat in the coastal sector they maintained their independence in the mainland and coined large denominations in the upper Strymon and the Upper Axius area in the names of the Laeaei and the Derrones"
^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, 0-19-814099-1, page 854, ... Various tribes have occupied this part of Thrace: Bisaltians (lower Strymon valley), Odomantes (the plain to the north of the Strymon) ...
^ Thrace in the Graeco-Roman world, p. 112 but others claim that together with the Agrianes and Odomanti, at least the latter of which were with certainty Thracian, not Paeonian.
^ The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, ... "was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ..."
^ The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 452, "... Then he passed through the country of the Doberes and Paeoplae (Paeonian tribes living north of Pangaeum), and continued in a ..."
^ The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, "... was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ..."

[1] Yani muhtemelen Peonya, Almopya, Sindiki, Irakleia ve Serez'in olduğu bölgeler.

[2] Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. s. 13. ISBN 1-4051-7936-8. 16 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Nisan 2020.

[3] "Paeonia". Encyclopædia Britannica online. 18 Nisan 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

[4] Reames, Jeanne (2008). Howe, Timothy (Ed.). Macedonian Legacies. Regina Books. s. 239. ISBN 1930053568. Paeonia, roughly where the F.Y.R.O.M. is today.

[5] Ovid; Green, Peter (2005). The Poems of Exile. University of California Press, 2005. p. 319. Ovid was lax in his geography, not least over Paeonia (in fact roughly coextensive with the present F.Y.R.O.M.).

[6] Strabo, "Geography", 7, Frg.4, 9.5.1

[7] The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period (google kitaplar)

[Lolita_Nikolova_2003,_page_529-8] Early symbolic systems for communication in Southeast Europe, Part 2 by Lolita Nikolova, 1-84171-334-1, 2003, page 529, "eastern Paionians (Agrianians and Laeaeans)"

[9] The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, Robert B. Strassler, Richard Crawley, and Victor Davis Hanson, 1998, 0-684-82790-5, page 153,"... of them still live round Physcasb- and the Almopians from Almopia.

[10] The Cambridge Ancient History, Martin Percival Charlesworth, 0-521-85073-8, 978-0-521-85073-5 Volume 4, Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, C. 525 to 479 B.C, John Boardman, page 252, "The Paeonians were the earlier owners of some of these mines, but after their defeat in the coastal sector they maintained their independence in the mainland and coined large denominations in the upper Strymon and the Upper Axius area in the names of the Laeaei and the Derrones"

[11] An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, 0-19-814099-1, page 854, ... Various tribes have occupied this part of Thrace: Bisaltians (lower Strymon valley), Odomantes (the plain to the north of the Strymon) ...

[12] Thrace in the Graeco-Roman world, p. 112 but others claim that together with the Agrianes and Odomanti, at least the latter of which were with certainty Thracian, not Paeonian.

[13] The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, ... "was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ..."

[14] The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 452, "... Then he passed through the country of the Doberes and Paeoplae (Paeonian tribes living north of Pangaeum), and continued in a ..."

[15] The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, "... was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ..."

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