Nikiforos Briennios (yaşlı): Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

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Sayfanın 11.38, 7 Aralık 2010 tarihindeki hâli

Nikeforos Bryennios (Yaşlı) (Şablon:Lang-el), Şablon:Lang-la, Bizanslı general, kendisini geç 11. yüzyılda imparator ilan etmiştir.Çağdaşları onu imparatorluğun en iyi taktisyeni olarak kabul ederler.[1]

Erken Dönem

Nikeforos orduda sürekli yükselmiş, IV. Romanos Diogenes tarafından 1071 yılında Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesi'nde önemli bir görev verilmiştir.[2] Bizans ordusunun sol kanadını kumanda etmiştir. Savaşta iyi yönetim gösterebilen bir kaç Bizans generalinden biridir.[1][3]

1072-1073 yıllarında, Bulgaristan dükü olarak görev yaparken bir sıra isyanı bastırarak Bizans kontrolünü sağlamıştır,[4] daha sonra daha önemli bir pozisyon olan Dıraç düklüğüne yükselmiştir.[5] In about 1077 Nikephoros, by now the former governor of Dyrrhachium, became disgusted with Michael VII's treaty with the Seljuk Turks, whereby large swathes of Anatolia were handed over to them,[6] and decided that Michael was ineffective and inept.[7] The weakness of the emperor, the avarice of his chief ministers, and the discovery that Michael's chief minister, Nikephoritzes, had listed him for assassination, encouraged him to make an attempt on the throne.[7]

İsyan ve sonrası

Assembling an army of Thracians, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Sclavonians, Italians, Franks, Uzes and Greeks,[6] in November 1077 his forces reached the walls of Constantinople.[7] Unconcerned about the inhabitants of Constantinople, he allowed his troops to plunder and burn the city's suburbs.[6] The conduct of his troops produced so determined an opposition to his claims, that the detested Michael forced him to raise the siege and retreat into Thrace,[3] using the excuse of a Patzinak incursion into Thrace as cover.[6]

His political weakness allowed Nikephoros III Botaneiates to become emperor, who offered Bryennios the title of Caesar if he would submit to him. Bryennios refused,[1] and Botaneiates sent the young Alexios Komnenos against him with an army composed of Asiatic Christians, Franks and Turkish cavalry.[8] Despite possessing a significantly superior army, at the Battle of Kalavrye, near the river Halmyros, Bryennios was defeated and captured. He was subsequently blinded.[9] As he no longer posed a threat, Nikephoros III allowed his estates and property to be returned to him, and gave Bryennios new honours. Bryennios apparently retired to his base at Adrianople.[10] Despite his blindness, he led the defence of the city against a Cuman attack in 1094/1095,[1] as well as against a rebellion in 1094 led by a pretender who claimed to be Constantine Diogenes, the son of Romanos IV Diogenes, who had died in 1073.[11]

Aile

Bryennios had at least one son. It is unclear whether the general and historian Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger, who was married to the daughter of emperor Alexios I Komnenos, Anna Komnene, was his son or grandson.[12]

Kaynaklar

Birincil Kaynaklar

İkincil Kaynaklar

  • Norwich, John Julius (1993), Byzantium: The Apogee, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-011448-3 
  • Canduci, Alexander (2010), Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors, Pier 9, ISBN 978-1741965988 
  • Kazhdan, Alexander, (Ed.) (1991), Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Vol. I, Oxford University Press, ss. 330–331, ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6 
  • George Finlay, History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 - 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons, 1854

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c d Canduci, pg. 276
  2. ^ Norwich, pg. 348
  3. ^ a b Norwich, Byzantium: The Decline and Fall, pg. 3
  4. ^ Norwich, pg. 359
  5. ^ Comnena, Book 1, Ch 4
  6. ^ a b c d Finlay, pg. 55
  7. ^ a b c Norwich, pg. 360
  8. ^ Finlay, pg. 57
  9. ^ Norwich, pg. 361
  10. ^ Kazhdan, pg. 331
  11. ^ Comnena, Book 10, Ch 2
  12. ^ Kazhdan, pg. 329

Şablon:Roman Emperors