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'''Phnom Penh''' ([[Khmerce]]: ភ្នំពេញ; official Romanization: ''Phnum Pénh''; [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|[pʰnum peːɲ]}}): bu [[şehir]] [[Kamboçya]]'nın [[başkent]]idir.
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is the largest, most populous and [[capital city|capital]] city of [[Cambodia]]. It is also the capital of the Phnom Penh municipality.
Once known as the ''Pearl of Asia'' in the [[1920s]], Phnom Penh, along with [[Siem Reap]], is a significant global and domestic tourist destination for Cambodia. Phnom Penh is renowned for its traditional Khmer and French influenced architecture, along with its friendly people.
It is also the commercial, political and cultural hub of Cambodia and is home to 1 million of Cambodia's population of 11.4 million.
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== Coğrafya ve iklim ==
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[[Dosya:Phnom_penh_palace.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Bir Budist Rahip Phnom Penh'deki Krallık Sarayında yürüyor.]]
Phnom Penh is located in the south-central region of Cambodia, at the confluence of the [[Tonlé Sap]] and [[Mekong]] rivers. The city is located at {{coor d|11.55|N|104.91667|E|}} (11°33' North, 104°55' East, [http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html]).
The climate is hot year-round with minor variations. There are three basic seasons: the cool season from roughly November to January, the hot season from roughly February through May and the rainy season from roughly June through October.
==Naming==
The city takes its name from the ''Wat Phnom Daun Penh'' (known now as just the ''Wat Phnom'' or Hill Temple), built in [[1373]] to house five statues of [[Buddha]] on a man made hill 27 meters high. It was named after Daun Penh (Grandma Penh), a wealthy widow.
Phnom Penh was also previously known as ''Krong Chaktomuk'' ([[ក្រុងចតុមុខ]]) meaning "City of Four Faces". This name refers to the junction where the [[Mekong]], [[Bassac]], and [[Tonle Sap River|Tonle Sap]] rivers cross to form an "X" where the capital is situated. ''Krong Chaktomuk'' is an abbreviation of its ceremonial name given by [[Ponhea Yat|King Ponhea Yat]] which was "Krong Chaktomuk Mongkol Sakal Kampuchea Thipadei Sereythor Inthabot Borei Roth Reach Seima Maha Nokor".
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== Tarih ==
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Phnom Penh first became the capital of Cambodia after [[Ponhea Yat]], king of the [[Khmer Empire]] fled [[Angkor Thom]] when it was captured by [[Thailand|Siam]] in [[1431]]. There are [[stupa]] behind Wat Phnom that house the remains of Ponhea Yat and the royal family as well as the remaining [[Buddhist]] statues from the Angkorean era.
[[Dosya:Phnompenh.jpg|left|PhnomPenhrooftop]]
It was not until [[1866]] under the reign of King [[Norodom of Cambodia|Norodom I]] that Phnom Penh became the permanent seat of government, and the [[Royal Palace, Phnom Penh|Royal Palace]](pictured) was built. This marked the beginning of the transformation of what was essentially a village into a great city with the [[Colonial Cambodia|French Colonialists]] expanding the canal system to control the wetlands, constructing roads and building a port.
By the [[1920s]] Phnom Penh was known as the ''Pearl of Asia'' and over the next four decades continued to experience growth with the building of a railway to [[Sihanoukville]] and the [[Pochentong International Airport]].
During the [[Vietnam War]], Cambodia was used as a base by the [[North Vietnamese Army]] and the [[Viet Cong]], and thousands of refugees from across the country flooded the city to escape the fighting between their own government troops, the NVA/NLF, the [[South Vietnam|South Vietnamese]] and its allies and the [[Khmer Rouge]]. In [[1975]] the population was 2,000,000. The city fell to the Khmer Rouge and [[Democratic Kampuchea]] on [[April 17]], the [[Cambodian New Year]], and was evacuated by force; its residents being made to labor on rural farms as "[[new people (Kampuchea)|new people]]". Tuol Svay Prey High School was taken over by [[Pol Pot]]'s forces and was turned into the [[S-21]] prison camp, where Cambodians were detained and tortured. It is now the [[Tuol Sleng Museum]] and along with Choeung Ek ([[The Killing Fields]]), 15 kilometers away, a memorial to those who were killed by the regime.
The [[Khmer Rouge]] were driven out of Phnom Penh by the [[Vietnam|Vietnamese]] in [[1979]] and people began to return to the city. A period of reconstruction began, spurred by continuing stability of government, attracting new foreign investment and aid by countries including [[France]], [[Australia]], and [[Japan]]. Loans were made from the [[Asia Development Bank]] and the [[World Bank]] to reinstate a clean water supply, roads and other infrastructure. By [[1998]], Phnom Penh's population was 862,000.
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== Turizm ==
[[Dosya:Wat_Phnom-Phnom_Penh-Cambodia.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Phnom Phnom Penh'de Chedi Tapınağı.]]
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The main tourist attractions in Phnom Penh include the [[Royal Palace, Phnom Penh|Royal Palace]], the [[Silver Pagoda, Phnom Penh|Silver Pagoda]], the [[National Museum, Phnom Penh|National Museum]], [[Independence Monument, Phnom Penh|Independence Monument]] (Khmer: Vimean Akareach), the [[Cambodia-Vietnam Friendship Monument]], the [[Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum]], and [[Wat Phnom]]. Outside the city is the [[Choeung Ek|Choeung Ek Genocide Center]]. Phnom Penh, and Cambodia in general, is a major destination for [[sex tourism]].
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== Ulaşım ==
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[[Pochentong International Airport]] (Phnom Penh) is the largest airport in Cambodia. Most commercial and passenger air traffic in and out of the country is served here. [[Angkor International Airport]] (Siem Reap) is the next largest and mainly serves tourists to [[Angkor Wat]]. Buses and taxies leave the capital almost daily bound for [[Thailand]] and [[Saigon]].
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==Administration==
Administratively, Phnom Penh is a municipality, although, its status is equal to provinces of Cambodia. It is subdivided into 7 districts and 76 communes.
*[[Chamkarmon (ខ័ណ្ឌចំការមន)]]
*[[Daun Penh (ខ័ណ្ឌដូនពេញ)]]
*[[Prampir Makara (ខ័ណ្ឌ៧មករា]]
*[[Toul Kork (ខ័ណ្ឌទួលគោក)]]
*[[Dangkor (ខ័ណ្ឌដង្កោរ)]]
*[[Meanchey (ខ័ណ្ឌមានជ័យ)]]
*[[Russey Keo (ខ័ណ្ឌឬស្សីកែវ)]]
==[[Town twinning|Sister cities]]==
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], [[United States|USA]]
==See also==
*[[Cambodia]]
*[[History of Cambodia]]
*[[Royal Palace, Phnom Penh]]
==References==
*[http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/ Phnom Penh Government Website] Accessed 18 April 2005
**[http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/english/history.htm History of Phnom Penh]
***[http://www.pavilion-cambodia.com/ Queen Kossamak's residence turned to a boutique hotel]
==External links==
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{{commons|Phnom Penh}}
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===Official===
*[http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/english/introduction.html Phnom Penh Government Website in English]
**[http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/Khmer/introducation.html In Khmer]
**[http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/french/introduction.html In French]
===Other===
*[http://www.arikah.net/TourismCambodia-TravelGuide/Cambodia-PhnomPenh 2006 Cambodia Travel Guide - Phnom Penh]
*[http://www.phnompenhpost.com/ Official website] of the ''[[Phnom Penh Post]]'', Cambodia's oldest English-language newspaper, issued fortnightly.
*[http://rupp.edu.kh/rupp_wsite/ Royal University of Phnom Penh]
*[http://www.cambodia-airports.com/ Cambodia Airports] Home of Pochentong (Phnom Penh) and Angkor (Siem Reap) International Airports. In English and French
*[http://www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/maps/phnompenh/ Detailed Phnom Penh map] at the website of [http://www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/ Cambodia Yellow Pages]
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{{coord|11.55|104.9167|type:city|display=title}}
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