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'''Farad''', [[SI]] birim sisteminde ve [[MKS]] birim sisteminde sembolü '''F''' olan [[sığalık]] (kapasitans) [[birim]]idir.
 
Adı [[Michael Faraday]]'ın adından kaynaklanan farad, 1 [[coulomb]]luk elektrik yüklendiğinde kutupları arasında 1 [[volt]]luk bir [[potansiyel fark]]ı oluşan bir [[sığaç|sığacın]] (kondansatörün) sığasıdır. Dolayısıyla 1 farad, 1 [[coulomb]] / [[volt]]'a eşittir. Farad nispeten yüksek bir sığa birimidir ve [[elektronik]]te kullanılan kondansatörlerin sığaları [[mikrofarad]]'la ölçülür.
{{SI çarpanları|birim=farad|Sembol=F}}
{{ölçü-taslak}}
 
[[Image:Capacitors Various.jpg|thumb|right|Examples of various types of capacitors.]]
[[Image:OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg|thumb|right|a 1-farad capacitor.]]
:''This is about the capacitance unit of measure. For the charge unit, see [[Faraday (unit)]].''
 
The '''farad''' (symbol: F) is the [[SI]] unit of [[capacitance]]. The farad is named after the English physicist [[Michael Faraday]].
 
== Definition ==
 
A farad is the [[electric charge|charge]] in [[coulomb]]s a [[capacitor]] will accept for the [[voltage|potential]] across it to change 1 [[volt]]. A coulomb is 1 [[ampere]] [[second]]. Example: A 47mA current causes the voltage across a capacitor to increase 1 volt/second. It therefore has a capacitance of 47mF. It has the base SI representation of [[Second|s]]<sup>4</sup> · [[ampere|A]]<sup>2</sup> · m<sup>-2</sup> · kg<sup>-1</sup>. Further equalities follow:
 
<math>\mbox{F}
= \,\mathrm \frac{A \cdot s}{V}
= \dfrac{\mbox{J}}{\mbox{V}^2}
= \dfrac{\mbox{C}}{\mbox{V}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{C}^2}{\mbox{J}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{C}^2}{\mbox{N} \cdot \mbox{m}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{s}^2 \cdot \mbox{C}^2}{\mbox{m}^{2} \cdot \mbox{kg}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{s}^4 \cdot \mbox{A}^2}{\mbox{m}^{2} \cdot \mbox{kg}}
= \dfrac{\mbox{s}}{\Omega}
</math>
 
The most commonly used multiples and submultiples in electrical and electronic usage are the microfarad, nanofarad and picofarad.
 
== Explanation ==
 
The size of commercially available capacitors range from 100fF to 5kF.<ref name="Digikey">[http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?&keywords=capacitor Digikey]</ref>
 
Values of [[capacitor]]s are usually specified in ranges of '''Farads''' (F), '''microfarads''' (μF or MFD), '''nanofarads''' (nF), or '''picofarads''' (pF), as one, millionths, billionths or trillionths of a farad.<ref name="Braga">{{cite web
| title=Robotics, Mechatronics, and Artificial Intelligence
| author=Newton C. Braga | date=2001 | accessdate=2008-09-17
| publisher=Google Books | pages=336 pages
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqb-f-HKem0C&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=microfarad+%22common+measurement&source=web&ots=XKiRXY4zeQ&sig=RrHw5Zbb0ymkDh9dRRul_qjsvcw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
| quote=page 21: Common measurement units are the Farad, microFarad (uF), representing 0.000,001 F; the nanoFarad (nF), representing 0.000,000001 F; and the picoFarad (pF)
}}</ref>
The ''picofarad'' is sometimes comically called a ''"puff"'', as in "a ten puff capacitor".<ref>http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Puff.html</ref> Since [[Mu (letter)|the Greek letter μ]] can be poorly printed, the notation ''uF'' (or MFD) is often used as a substitute for ''μF'' in electronics literature. A ''micro-microfarad'' (μμF) that can be found in older texts is the equivalent of a ''picofarad''. The ''millifarad'' is rarely used in practice, so that a capacitance of 4.7{{e|−3}} F, for example, is usually written as 4,700 µF. North American usage also avoids ''nanofarads''. A capacitance of 1{{e|−9}} F will frequently be indicated as 1000 pF. A capacitance of 1{{e|−7}} F will frequently be indicated as 0.1 μF. Very small capacitance values, such as those used in [[integrated circuit]]s may also be expressed in ''femtofarads'' (fF), one femtofarad being equal to 1{{e|−15}} F.
<blockquote>
 
1F = 1000 mF = 1,000,000 μF = 1,000,000,000 nF = 1,000,000,000,000 pF<br>
1μF = 1,000 nF = 1,000,000 pF
 
</blockquote>
The 'farad' should not be confused with the [[faraday (unit)|faraday]], an old unit of charge nowadays superseded by the [[coulomb]].
 
The reciprocal of capacitance is called [[electrical elastance]], the (non-standard, non-SI) unit of which is the [[daraf]].<ref>http://www.websters-dictionary-online.com/da/daraf.html</ref>
 
A [[capacitor]] consists of two conducting surfaces, frequently referred to as plates, separated by an insulating layer usually referred to as a [[dielectric]]. The original capacitor was the [[Leyden jar]] developed in the 18th century. It is the [[accumulation]] of charges on the plates that results in [[capacitance]]. Modern [[capacitor]]s are constructed using a range of manufacturing techniques and materials to provide the extraordinarily wide range of capacitance values used in [[electronics]] applications from femtofarads to farads, with ''voltage withstand capabilities'' ranging from a few [[volt]]s to several kilovolts.
 
One picofarad is about the smallest value of capacitor available for general use in electronic design, since smaller capacitors would be dominated by the parasitic capacitances ([[stray capacitance]]) of other components, wiring or [[printed circuit board]]s. When capacitance values of 1 pF or lower are required, engineers sometimes create their own capacitors by twisting two short lengths of insulated wire together.<ref>[http://www.national.com/rap/Story/0,1562,5,00.html What's All This Femtoampere Stuff, Anyhow?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.elecdesign.com/Articles/Index.cfm?AD=1&ArticleID=14109 Electronic Design Welcome<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
== See also ==
*[[Capacitance]]
*[[Capacitor]]
*[[Ultracapacitor]]
 
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
 
== References ==
* {{cite web
| title=Robotics, Mechatronics, and Artificial Intelligence
| author=Newton C. Braga | date=2001 | accessdate=2008-09-17
| publisher=Google Books | pages=336 pages
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqb-f-HKem0C&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=microfarad+%22common+measurement&source=web&ots=XKiRXY4zeQ&sig=RrHw5Zbb0ymkDh9dRRul_qjsvcw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.translatorscafe.com/cafe/units-converter/electrostatic-capacitance/c/ Farad unit conversion tool]
 
 
 
 
[[Kategori:Elektrik ve manyetizma birimleri]]
[[Kategori:elektrik]]
[[Kategori:elektronik]]
 
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