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[[Kategori:Uygulama katmanı protokolleri]]
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The '''Network News Transfer Protocol''' or '''NNTP''' is an [[Internet]] application [[Protocol (computing)|protocol]] used primarily for reading and posting [[Usenet]] articles (aka netnews), as well as transferring news among [[news server]]s. Brian Kantor of the [[University of California, San Diego]] and [[Phil Lapsley]] of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] completed RFC 977, the specification for the Network News Transfer Protocol, in March [[1986]]. Other contributors included [[Stan Barber]] from the [[Baylor College of Medicine]] and [[Erik Fair]] of [[Apple Computer]].
Usenet was originally designed around the [[UUCP]] network, with most article transfers taking place over direct computer-to-computer telephone links. Readers and posters would log into the same computers that hosted the servers, reading the articles directly from the local disk.
As [[local area network]]s and the [[Internet]] became more commonly used, it became desirable to allow [[News client|newsreader]]s to be run on personal computers, and a means of employing the Internet to handle article transfers was desired. A newsreader, also known as a news client, is an application software that reads articles on Usenet (generally known as newsgroup), either directly from the news server's disks or via the NNTP.
Because networked Internet-compatible filesystems were not yet widely available, it was decided to develop a new protocol that resembled [[SMTP]], but was tailored for reading [[newsgroup]]s.
The [[List of well-known ports (computing)|well-known TCP port]] 119 is reserved for NNTP. When clients connect to a news server with [[Transport Layer Security|SSL]], TCP port 563 is used. This is sometimes referred to as '''NNTPS'''.
In October [[2006]], the IETF released RFC 3977 which updates the NNTP protocol and codifies many of the additions made over the years since RFC 977. The [[IMAP]] protocol can also be used for reading newsgroups.
===Network News Reader Protocol===
During an abortive attempt to update the NNTP standard in the early 1990s, a specialized form of NNTP intended specifically for use by clients, NNRP, was proposed. This protocol was never completed or fully implemented, but the name persisted in [[InterNetNews|INN]]'s ''nnrpd'' program. As a result, the subset of standard NNTP commands useful to clients is sometimes still referred to as "NNRP".
==Support==
[[Microsoft]] [[Internet Explorer 2]] introduced support for functioning as a basic NNTP reader. <ref name="iehist"> http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx </ref>
==External links==
* [[Firefox]] [[NNTP]] https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/361
*Kantor, Brian and Phil Lapsley. RFC 977 "Network News Transfer Protocol: A Proposed Standard for the Stream-Based Transmission of News." [[1986]].
*Horton, Mark, and R. Adams. RFC 1036 "Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages." [[1987]].
*[http://www.academ.com/academ/nntp/ietf/1996-July/000022.html NNTP Version 2 draft] an early, abandoned attempt to revise NNTP
*Barber, Stan, et al. RFC 2980 "Common NNTP Extensions." [[2000]]
*[http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/nntp/ietf.html IETF nntpext Working Group]
*Feather, Clive. RFC 3977 "Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)." [[2006]]
*{{dmoz|Computers/Software/Internet/Servers/Usenet|Usenet servers}}
*{{dmoz|Computers/Usenet/Public_News_Servers|Public News Servers}}
[[Category:Internet protocols]]
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