Merkez bankası: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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68. satır:
== Tarihi ==
In Europe prior to the 17th century most money was commodity money, typically gold or silver. However, promises to pay were widely circulated and accepted as value at least five hundred years earlier in both Europe and Asia. The medieval European Knights Templar ran probably the best known early prototype of a central banking system, as their promises to pay were widely regarded, and many regard their activities as having laid the basis for the modern banking system. At about the same time, Kublai Khan of the Mongols introduced fiat currency to China, which was imposed by force by the confiscation of specie.
Dünyanın en eski merkez bankası, Hollandalı bir işadamının yardımıyla 1668 yılında İsveç'te kurulan Riksbank'tır. Bunu, İngiliz hükümetinin savaş için yardım ödemesi yapmasını istemesi üzerine İskoç işadamı Willieam Peterson tarafından 1694'te Londra'da kurulan İngiltere Bankası (Bank of England) izlemiştir. Bulgar Ulusal Bankası 25 Ocak 1879'da kurulmuştur. FED ise Glass-Owen Bill'in kongreden geçmesi ve Başkan Woodrow Wilson'ın 23 Aralık 1913 tarihindeki onayıyla kurulmuştur.
The People's Bank of China evolved its role as a central bank starting in about 1979 with the introduction of market reforms in that country, and this accelerated in 1989 when the country took a generally capitalist approach to developing at least its export economy. By 2000 the PBoC was in all senses a modern central bank, and emerged as such partly in response to the European Central Bank. This is the most modern bank model and was introduced with the euro to coordinate the European national banks, which continue to separately manage their respective economies other than currency exchange and base interest rates.
== Kaynaklar ==
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