Babür İmparatorluğu hükümdarları: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
"Mughal emperors" sayfasının çevrilmesiyle oluşturuldu. Etiketler: İçerik Çevirmeni İçerik Çevirmeni 2 |
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Sayfanın 19.06, 11 Ekim 2021 tarihindeki hâli
Şablon:Infobox former monarchyBabür imparatorları Hindistan alt kıtasında Babür İmparatorluğu'nu inşa etti ve yönetti. Babürler 1526'dan itibaren Hindistan'ın bazı bölgelerine hükmetmeye başladı ve 1700'de alt kıtanın çoğuna hükmetti. Bundan sonra hızla gerilediler, ancak 1850'lere kadar nominal olarak bölgeleri yönettiler. Babürler, Orta Asya'dan gelen Türk-Moğol kökenli Timurlu hanedanının bir koluydu. Kurucuları , Fergana Vadisi'nden (modern Özbekistan'da ) bir Timur prensi olan Babur , Timur'un doğrudan soyundan geliyordu ve ayrıca Timur'un bir Cengiz prensesiyle evlenmesi yoluyla Cengiz Han'a bağlıydı.
Many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses.[1] Akbar, for instance, was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin), Jahangir was half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, and Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput.[2]
Babür İmparatorları Listesi
Portrait | Titular Name | Birth Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bābur بابر |
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad ظہیر الدین محمد |
14 February 1483 Andijan, Uzbekistan | 20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530 | 26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, India | Founded the Empire | |
Humayun ہمایوں |
Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun نصیر الدین محمد ہمایوں |
6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan | 26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556 |
27 January 1556 (aged 47) Delhi, India | Humayun was overthrown in 1540 by Sher Shah Suri of the Suri dynasty but returned to the throne in 1555 after the death of Islam Shah Suri (Sher Shah Suri's son and successor). | |
Akbar-i-Azam اکبر اعظم |
Jalal-ud-din Muhammad جلال الدین محمد اکبر |
15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan | 11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605 | 27 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India | His mother was Persian Hamida Banu Begum.[3] | |
Jahangir جہانگیر |
Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim نور الدین محمد سلیم |
31 August 1569 Agra, India | 3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627 | 28 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India | His mother was Rajput princess Mariam-uz-Zamani.[4] | |
Shah-Jahan شاہ جہان |
Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram شہاب الدین محمد خرم |
5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan | 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658 | 22 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India | Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached the peak of its cultural glory.[5] Although an able military commander, Shah Jahan is best remembered for his architectural achievements. His reign ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, in which is entombed his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. | |
Alamgir I عالمگیر |
Muhy-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb محی الدین محمداورنگزیب |
3 November 1618 Gujarat, India | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707 | 3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India | His mother was Persian Mumtaz Mahal. He was married to Safavid Dynasty Princess Dilras Banu Begum. He established Islamic law throughout India. After his death, His younger Son Azam Shah became the King (for 3 months) .[6] | |
Muhammad Azam Shah محمد اعظم شاہ |
Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam قطب الدين محمد اعظم |
28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India | 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 | 20 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India | He was briefly Mughal emperor, who reigned for 3 months. He was the eldest son of Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum.[7] | |
Bahadur Shah بہادر شاہ |
Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam Shah Alam قطب الدین محمد معزام |
14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India | 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712 | 27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan | He made settlements with the Marathas, tranquilised the Rajputs, and became friendly with the Sikhs in the Punjab. | |
Jahandar Shah جہاندار شاہ |
Mu'izz-ud-Din Jahandar Shah Bahadur معز الدین جہاندار شاہ بہادر |
9 May 1661 Deccan, India | 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713 | 12 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India | Highly influenced by his Grand Vizier Zulfikar Khan. | |
Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیر |
Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیر |
20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India | 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719 | 19 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India | Granted a firman to the East India Company in 1717 granting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal, strengthening their posts on the east coast. The firman or decree helped British East India company to import goods into Bengal without paying customs duty to the government. | |
Rafi ud-Darajat رفیع الدرجات |
Rafi ud-Darajat رفیع الدرجات |
1 December 1699 | 28 February – 6 June 1719 | 6 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India | Rise of Syed Brothers as power brokers. | |
Shah Jahan II شاہ جہان دوم |
Rafi ud-Daulah شاہ جہاں دوم |
June 1696 | 6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719 | 18 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India | Succeeded Rafi ud-Darajat after being chosen by the Sayyid brothers. | |
Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
Roshan Akhtar Bahadur روشن اختر بہادر |
7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 | 26 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India | Got rid of the Sayyid Brothers. Fought a long war with the Marathas, losing Deccan and Malwa in the process. Suffered the invasion of Nader Shah of Persia in 1739. He was the last emperor to possess effective control over the empire. | |
Ahmad Shah Bahadur احمد شاہ بہادر |
Ahmad Shah Bahadur احمد شاہ بہادر |
23 December 1725 Delhi, India | 29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754 | 1 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India | Mughal forces defeated by the Marathas at the Battle of Sikandarabad. | |
Alamgir II عالمگیر دوم |
Aziz-ud-din عزیز اُلدین |
6 June 1699 Burhanpur, India | 3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759 | 29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India | Domination of Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk. | |
Shah Jahan III شاہ جہان سوم |
Muhi-ul-millat محی اُلملت |
1711 | 10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760 | 1772 (aged 60–61) | Consolidation of power by the Nawab of Bengal-Bihar-Odisha. | |
Shah Alam II شاہ عالم دوم |
Ali Gauhar علی گوہر |
25 June 1728 Delhi, India | 10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788 | 19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India | Defeat in the Battle of Buxar. | |
Jahan Shah IV جہان شاه چہارم |
Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah بیدار بخت محمود شاه بهادر جہان شاہ |
1749 Delhi, India | 31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788 | 1790 (aged 40–41) Delhi, India | Enthroned as a puppet Emperor by the Rohilla Ghulam Kadir, following the temporary overthrow of Shah Alam II. | |
Shah Alam II شاہ عالم دوم |
Ali Gauhar علی گوہر |
25 June 1728 Delhi, India | 16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806 | 19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India | Second reign. | |
Akbar Shah II اکبر شاہ دوم |
Mirza Akbar میرزا اکبر |
22 April 1760 Mukundpur, India | 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 | 28 September 1837 (aged 77) Delhi, India | Titular figurehead under British protection. | |
Bahadur Shah II بہادر شاہ دوم |
Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar ابو ظفر سراج اُلدین محمد بہادر شاہ ظفر |
24 October 1775 Delhi, India | 28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857 | 7 November 1862 (aged 87) Rangoon, Myanmar | Last Mughal Emperor. Deposed by the British and was exiled to Burma after the rebellion of 1857. |
Not: Babür İmparatorları çok eşlilik uyguladılar. Karılarının yanı sıra haremlerinde çocuk sahibi olan çok sayıda cariyeleri de vardı. Bu, her imparatorun tüm çocuklarını tanımlamayı zorlaştırır. [8]
Kaynaklar
daha fazla okuma
- Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., (Ed.) (1973). The History and Culture of the Indian People. VII: The Mughal Empire. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. r eksik
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(yardım)
Dış bağlantılar
- ^ The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India. Akkar Books. January 1, 2007. s. 300. ISBN 978-8-189-83318-3.
- ^ The Great Mughals and their India. Hay House. 2016. s. 15. ISBN 9789384544980.
- ^ The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama). Royal Asiatic Society. 1902. ss. 237–239.
- ^ South Asia in World History. Oxford University Press. 2017. s. 79. ISBN 978-0199760343.
- ^ Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India (İngilizce). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 1986. s. 59. ISBN 978-8120710153.
- ^ The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India. Aakar Books. 2007. s. 300. ISBN 978-8-189-83318-3.
- ^ Emperors of the peacock throne : the saga of the great Mughals. Rev. New Delhi: Penguin books. 2000. ss. 510–513. ISBN 978-0141001432.
- ^ The Last Mughal. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 2006. s. 44. ISBN 978-1-4088-0092-8.