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{{Üniversite bilgi kutusu
{{short description|Private research university located in Stanford, California, US}}
{{redirect|ad = Stanford}} Üniversitesi
| nameresim_adı = Logo of Stanford University.png▼
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
|resim_boyutu = 200px
{{Infobox university
|slogan = ''Die Luft der Freiheit weht'' (Özgürlük havası esiyor)
▲| name = Stanford University
|kuruluş = 1891
| native_name =
|dil = [[İngilizce]]
| native_name_lang = [[English language|en]]
| tip = [[Vakıf üniversitesi|Vakıf]]
| image = Stanford University seal 2003.svg
| presidentrektör = [[Marc Tessier-Lavigne]]▼
| image_upright = .7
|kayıtlı = 14.890
| motto = {{lang-de|Die Luft der Freiheit weht}}<ref name="casper">{{cite speech|title=Die Luft der Freiheit weht—On and Off|first=Gerhard|last=Casper |author-link=Gerhard Casper|url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/pres-provost/president/speeches/951005dieluft.html|date=October 5, 1995|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref>
|yayın sayısı = -
| mottoeng = "The wind of freedom blows"<ref name="casper" />
| personel = 1.807
| type = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]]
|şehir = Stanford
| academic_affiliations = [[Association of American Universities|AAU]]<br />[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]
| ülke = [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri|ABD]]
| established = {{start date|1891}}<ref name="StanfordAboutHistory">{{cite web |url=https://www.stanford.edu/about/history/ |title=History: Stanford University |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><ref name="facultyguidehistory">{{cite web |title=Chapter 1: The University and the Faculty |work=Faculty Handbook |publisher=Stanford University |date=September 7, 2016 |url=https://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/ch1.html |access-date=April 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525015143/https://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/ch1.html |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|yerleşke = -
| founder = [[Leland Stanford|Leland]] and [[Jane Stanford]]
|yerleşke yüzölçümü = 33,1 kilometrekare
| endowment = $28.9 billion (2020)<ref name="2019FinRep">As of August 31, 2020. {{cite web |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/finances/#:~:text=Stanford's%20%2428.9%20billion%20endowment%20(as,aid%20during%20the%20fiscal%20year.|publisher=Stanford University |access-date=June 8, 2020}}</ref>
| website = {{urlURL|https://www.stanford.edu/}}▼
| budget = $6.6 billion (2020–21)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/finances/|title= Finances – Facts 2019|date=May 6, 2019 |access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref>
▲| president = [[Marc Tessier-Lavigne]]
| provost = [[Persis Drell]]
| academic_staff = 2,240<ref name="stanford_facts_glance">{{cite web |last1=Communications|first1=Stanford Office of University |title=Introduction: Stanford University Facts |url=http://facts.stanford.edu |website=Stanford Facts at a Glance |access-date=June 13, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
| administrative_staff = 12,508<ref name="stanford_facts_admin">{{cite web|title=Stanford Facts: Administration & Finances|url=http://facts.stanford.edu/administration |publisher=Stanford University|date=May 2, 2018 |access-date=June 13, 2018}}</ref> excluding [[Stanford Health Care|SHC]]
| students = 17,249 (Fall 2019)<ref name="CDS">{{cite web |title=Stanford Common Data Set 2019–2020 |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=May 10, 2020}}</ref>
| undergrad = 6,996 (Fall 2019)<ref name="CDS" />
| postgrad = 10,253 (Fall 2019)<ref name="CDS" />
| city = [[Stanford, California|Stanford]]
| state = [[California]]
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{coord|37.4282293|-122.1688576|region:US-CA_type:edu_scale:40000_source:GNIS|format=dms|notes=<ref name="gnis">{{cite gnis |id=235365 |name=Stanford University|access-date=April 26, 2017|entrydate=January 19, 1981}}</ref>|display=title,inline}}
| campus = [[Suburb]]an, {{convert|8180|acre|sqmi km2|1}}<ref name="stanford_facts_glance" />
| free_label = Academic term
| free = [[Academic quarter (year division)|Quarter]]
| colors = Cardinal and white<ref>{{cite web |title=Color |url=http://identity.stanford.edu/overview/color|publisher=Stanford University|work=Stanford Identity Toolkit |access-date=May 7, 2017}}</ref><br />{{college color boxes|Stanford Cardinal}}
| athletics_nickname = [[Stanford Cardinal|Cardinal]]
| sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|NCAA Division I FBS]]<br />{{bulleted list|
|[[Pac-12 Conference|Pac-12]] (primary)
|[[Intercollegiate Rowing Association|IRA]]
|[[Pacific Coast Collegiate Sailing Conference|PCCSC]]
|[[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation|MPSF]]
}}
'''Leland Stanford Junior Üniversitesi''' ya da bilinen adıyla '''Stanford Üniversitesi''', [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri|ABD]]'nin [[Kaliforniya]] eyaletinde [[San Francisco]]'nun 40&nbsp;km güneydoğusunda bulunan özel bir [[üniversite]]dir. Üniversite, şu anda dünyadaki en büyük bütçeye sahip 3. üniversitedir.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.thebestschools.org/features/richest-universities-endowments-generosity-research/ | başlık = The 100 Richest Universities in the World | yayıncı = thebestschools.org | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160423185928/http://www.thebestschools.org/features/richest-universities-endowments-generosity-research/ | arşivtarihi = 23 Nisan 2016 | erişimtarihi = 14 Haziran 2016 | ölüurl = evet }}</ref>
| mascot = None<ref>The [[Stanford Tree]] is the mascot of the [[Stanford Band|band]] but not the university.</ref>
▲| website = {{url|https://www.stanford.edu/}}
| logo = Stanford wordmark (2012).svg
| logo_upright = .8
}}
 
'''Stanford University''', officially '''Leland Stanford Junior University''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/941/941156365/941156365_201408_990.pdf|title='Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax – 2013' (IRS Form 990) |publisher=990s.foundationcenter.org |access-date=November 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=University|first1=© Stanford|last2=Stanford|last3=California 94305|title=The founding grant : with amendments, legislation, and court decrees|url=https://purl.stanford.edu/bz978md4965|access-date=2020-12-29|website=purl.stanford.edu|language=en}}</ref> is a [[Private university|private]] [[research university]] in [[Stanford, California]]. Stanford was founded in 1885 by [[Leland Stanford|Leland]] and [[Jane Stanford]] in memory of their only child, [[Leland Stanford Jr.]], who had died of [[typhoid fever]] at age 15 the previous year.<ref name="StanfordAboutHistory"/> Stanford is ranked among the best universities in the world by academic publications.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-03|title=The top 50 universities by reputation|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/top-50-universities-reputation|access-date=2021-02-10|website=Student}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-28|title=QS World University Rankings 2021|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2021|access-date=2021-02-10|website=Top Universities|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=World University Rankings 2020-21 {{!}} CWUR|url=https://cwur.org/2020-21.php|access-date=2021-02-10|website=cwur.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-20|title=World University Rankings|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/world-ranking|access-date=2021-02-10|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2020.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> It is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country, becoming the first school to raise more than one billion dollars in a year.<ref name="Record Fundraising" />
 
Leland Stanford was a [[List of United States senators from California|U.S. senator]] and former [[List of governors of California|governor of California]] who made his fortune as a [[Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)|railroad tycoon]]. The school admitted its first students on October 1, 1891,<ref name="StanfordAboutHistory" /><ref name="facultyguidehistory" /> as a [[Mixed-sex education|coeducational]] and [[non-denominational]] institution. Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch2.html |title=History – Part 2 (The New Century) : Stanford University |publisher=Stanford.edu |access-date=December 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220134855/http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch2.html |archive-date=December 20, 2013 }}</ref> Following [[World War II]], [[Provost (education)|provost]] [[Frederick Terman]] supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as [[Silicon Valley]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch3.html |title=History – Part 3 (The Rise of Silicon Valley) : Stanford University |publisher=Stanford.edu |access-date=December 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220134016/http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch3.html |archive-date=December 20, 2013 }}</ref>
 
Stanford öğrenci, mezun ve öğretim üyelerinin çok sayıdaki buluş ve atılımları arasında, SUN, Cisco, Google, Yahoo, HP ve IP (Internet Protocol) da bulunmaktadır. [[Silikon Vadisi]]'nin öncüsüdür.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch3.html | başlık = History of Stanford - The Rise of Silicon Valley | yayıncı = stanford.edu | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160616222451/http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch3.html | arşivtarihi = 16 Haziran 2016 | erişimtarihi = 14 Haziran 2016 | ölüurl = hayır }}</ref>
The university is organized around seven schools: three schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate level as well as four professional schools that focus on [[Graduate school|graduate programs]] in law, medicine, education, and business. All schools are on the same campus. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two private institutions in the [[Football Bowl Subdivision|Division I FBS]] [[Pac-12 Conference]]. It has gained 128 [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] team championships,<ref name="gostanford.com">{{cite web |url=https://gostanford.com/sports/2017/5/22/home-of-champions.aspx |title=Stanford Athletics – Home of Champions |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> and Stanford has won the [[NACDA Directors' Cup]] for 25 consecutive years, beginning in 1994–1995.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pac-12.com/article/2018/07/02/stanford-wins-24th-directors-cup-pac-12-members-finish-1-2-4|title=Stanford wins 24th-consecutive Directors' Cup|date=July 2, 2018|work=Pac-12 News|access-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref> In addition, Stanford students and alumni have won [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|270 Olympic medals including 139 gold medals]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gostanford.com/news/2016/7/7/athletics-bound-for-rio.aspx|title=Wrapping Up Rio|work=Stanford University|access-date=November 11, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
 
ABD ve dünya çapındaki üniversitelerin sıralandığı US News & World Report (AİC) listesinde Stanford Üniversitesi 6. sırada yer almaktadır.<ref>{{Web kaynağı|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities|başlık=National University Rankings|yayıncı=''U.S. News & World Report''|arşivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521210513/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities|arşivtarihi=21 Mayıs 2011|erişimtarihi=11 Şubat 2017|ölüurl=evet}}</ref>
As of April 2021, [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation#Stanford University|84 Nobel laureates]], [[List of Turing Award laureates by university affiliation|29 Turing Award laureates]],{{refn|group=note|Undergraduate school alumni who received the Turing Award:
# [[Vint Cerf]]: BS Math Stanford 1965; MS CS UCLA 1970; PhD CS UCLA 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm|title=Vinton Cerf – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Allen Newell]]: BS Physics Stanford 1949; PhD Carnegie Institute of Technology 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm|title=Allen Newell |work=acm.org}}</ref>
Graduate school alumni who received the Turing Award:
# [[Martin Hellman]]: BE New York University 1966, MS Stanford University 1967, PhD Stanford University 1969, all in electrical engineering. Professor at Stanford 1971–1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm|title=Martin Hellman|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[John Hopcroft]]: BS Seattle University; MS EE Stanford 1962, Phd EE Stanford 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm|title=John E Hopcroft|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Barbara Liskov]]: BSc Berkeley 1961; PhD Stanford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm|title=Barbara Liskov|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Raj Reddy]]: BS from Guindy College of Engineering (Madras, India) 1958; M Tech, University of New South Wales 1960; PhD Stanford 1966.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm|title=Raj Reddy – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Ronald Rivest]]: BA Yale 1969; PhD Stanford 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm|title=Ronald L Rivest – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Robert Tarjan]]: BS Caltech 1969; MS Stanford 1971, PhD 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm|title=Robert E Tarjan – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>
 
Uluslararası akademik sıralama yapan saygın kuruluşlar tarafından tüm dünyada sürekli olarak ilk 3'e girmeyi başarmaktadır.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2010.html | başlık = ARWU2010 | yayıncı = shanghairanking.com | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151210095833/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2010.html | arşivtarihi = 10 Aralık 2015 | erişimtarihi = 14 Haziran 2016 | ölüurl = hayır }}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2012-13/world-ranking | başlık = World University Rankings 2012-13 | yayıncı = timeshighereducation.com | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150530005017/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2012-13/world-ranking | arşivtarihi = 30 Mayıs 2015 | erişimtarihi = 17 Ekim 2012 | ölüurl = hayır }}</ref> Stanford Üniversitesi'nin özelliği çok farklı alanlarda açtığı tüm bölümlerinin bölüm bazında yapılan sıralamalarda en üstlerde yer almasıdır.<ref>{http://www.topuniversities.com/node/9069/ranking-details/university-subject-rankings/2014}</ref>
Non-alumni former and current faculty, staff, and researchers who received the Turing Award:
# [[Whitfield Diffie]]: BS mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1965. Visiting scholar at Stanford 2009–2010 and an affiliate from 2010–2012; currently a consulting professor at CISAC (The Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm|title=Whitfield Diffie|publisher=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Doug Engelbart]]: BS EE Oregon State University 1948; MS EE Berkeley 1953; PhD Berkeley 1955. Researcher/Director at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) 1957–1977; Director (Bootstrap Project) at Stanford University 1989–1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/engelbart_5078811.cfm|title=Douglas Engelbart|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Edward Feigenbaum]]: BS Carnegie Institute of Technology 1956, PhD Carnegie Institute of Technology 1960. Associate Professor at Stanford 1965–1968; Professor at Stanford 1969–2000; Professor Emeritus at Stanford (2000–present).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm|title=Edward A Feigenbaum – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Robert W. Floyd]]: BA 1953, BSc Physics, both from University of Chicago. Professor at Stanford (1968–1994).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/floyd_3720707.cfm|title=Robert W. Floyd – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Tony Hoare|Sir Antony Hoare]]: Undergraduate at Oxford University. Visiting Professor at Stanford 1973.<ref name="hoare">{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=J.A.N.|title=Charles Antony Richard (Tony) Hoare|url=http://computer.org/computer-pioneers/hoare.html|website=IEEE Computer Society|access-date=February 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912115705/http://computer.org/computer-pioneers/hoare.html|archive-date=September 12, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
# [[Alan Kay]]: BA/BS from University of Colorado at Boulder, PhD 1969 from University of Utah. Researcher at Stanford 1969–1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm |title=Alan Kay|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]]: BS Math, Caltech; PhD Princeton. Assistant Professor at Stanford 1953–1955; Professor at Stanford 1962–2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_0239596.cfm|title=John McCarthy|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Robin Milner]]: BSc 1956 from Cambridge University. Researcher at Stanford University 1971–1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm|title=A J Milner – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Amir Pnueli]]: BSc Math from Technion 1962, PhD Weizmann Institute of Science 1967. Instructor at Stanford 1967; Visitor at Stanford 1970<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm|title=Amir Pnueli|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Dana Scott]]: BA Berkeley 1954, PhD Princeton 1958. Associate Professor at Stanford 1963–1967.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm|title=Dana S Scott – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Niklaus Wirth]]: BS Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 1959, MSC Universite Laval, Canada, 1960; PhD Berkeley 1963. Assistant Professor at Stanford University 1963–1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm|title=Niklaus E. Wirth|work=acm.org}}</ref>
# [[Andrew Yao]]: BS physics National University of Taiwan 1967; AM Physics Harvard 1969; PhD Physics, Harvard 1972; PhD CS University of Illinois Urbana–Champagin 1975 Assistant Professor at Stanford University 1976–1981; Professor at Stanford University 1982–1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm|title=Andrew C Yao – A.M. Turing Award Winner|work=acm.org}}</ref>|name="noteStudAward"}} and [[List of Fields Medal winners by university affiliation|eight Fields Medalists]] have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, faculty, or staff.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/august/fields-medal-mirzakhani-081214.html|title=Stanford's Maryam Mirzakhani wins Fields Medal|last1=Carey|first1=Bjorn|date=August 12, 2014|work=Stanford Report|access-date=September 17, 2015|publisher=Stanford University}}</ref> In addition, Stanford is particularly noted for its entrepreneurship and is one of the most successful universities in attracting funding for [[Startup company|start-ups]].<ref name="Page" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://readwrite.com/2012/12/03/one-university-to-rule-them-all-stanford-tops-startup-list/|title=One University To Rule Them All: Stanford Tops Startup List – ReadWrite|date=December 3, 2012|work=ReadWrite|access-date=April 6, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbinsights.com/research/university-entrepreneurship-report/|title=The University Entrepreneurship Report – Alumni of Top Universities Rake in $12.6 Billion Across 559 Deals|date=October 29, 2012|work=CB Insights Research|access-date=April 6, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Stanford alumni have founded [[List of companies founded by Stanford University alumni|numerous companies]], which combined produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue and have created 5.4 million jobs as of 2011, roughly equivalent to the 7th largest economy in the world ({{as of|2020||lc=yes}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stanford.app.box.com/s/55estv4w8qi5vgd8n7i8q6jlo7cmdy6f|title=Box|website=stanford.app.box.com|access-date=April 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name="EcImpact">{{cite news|last1=Silver|first1=Caleb|url=https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/|title=The Top 20 Economies in the World|date=March 18, 2020|work=Investopedia|access-date=March 18, 2020|publisher=Investopedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/10/24/stanford-alumnis-companies-combined-equal-10th-largest-economy-on-the-planet/|title=Stanford alumni's companies combined equal 10th largest economy on the planet|date=October 24, 2012|work=The Mercury News|access-date=April 6, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Stanford is the [[alma mater]] of one [[president of the United States]] ([[Herbert Hoover]]), 74 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts.<ref>{{cite news |title=More billionaires went to Harvard than to Stanford, MIT and Yale combined
|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/18/the-universities-that-produce-the-most-billionaires.html#:~:text=Leading%20the%20way%20is%20Harvard,While%20No. |work=cnbc| first=Kathleen|last=Elkins}}</ref> It is also one of the leading producers of [[Fulbright Scholars]], [[Marshall Scholars]], [[Rhodes Scholars]], and members of the [[United States Congress]].<ref>
*{{Cite web|url=https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/|title=Top Producers|website=us.fulbrightonline.org|access-date=November 4, 2020}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics|title=Statistics|website=www.marshallscholarship.org|access-date=November 2, 2020}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/|title=US Rhodes Scholars Over Time|website=www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk|access-date=November 2, 2020}}
*{{cite web|title=Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/28/harvard-stanford-yale-graduate-most-members-of-congress}}
</ref>
 
== Tarih ==
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