98.809
düzenleme
yeniden yazım
(Mihr-Mihroe was not killed in action, but was died out of illness; see w:en:Mihr-Mihroe) |
(yeniden yazım) |
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|tarih =541–562
|yer =[[Lazika]] (Batı [[Gürcistan]])
|sonuç =
* [[Dara Antlaşması|50 Yıllık Barış Antlaşması]]
|coğrafi_değişiklikler=[[Status quo ante bellum]]
|sebep =Persliler ile Bizanslılar arasında Lazika'nın kontrol mücadelesi
|savaşan1 =[[Bizans İmparatorluğu]]<br>[[Lazika]] (548 sonrası)
|savaşan2 =[[Sasani İmparatorluğu]] <br/> [[Lazika]] (541–548)
|komutan1 = [[I. Justinianus]],<br/>[[Dagisthaios]],<br/>[[Bessas]],<br/>[[Martinus (general)|Martinus]],<br>[[Bouzes]],<br>[[Belisarius]],<br/>[[Justinus (525 doğumlu general)|Justinus]],<br/>[[Valerian (general)|Valerian]],<br>[[II. Gubaz]] (548 sonrası)
|komutan2=[[I. Hüsrev]],<br/>[[Mihr-Mihroe]],<br/>[[Nachoragan]],<br/>[[Nabed]]<br>Farroxan<ref>{{harvnb|Alemany|2003|p=5}}.</ref><br/>[[İzadguşasp]]<br/>[[Fariburz]]<br/>[[II. Gubaz]] (541–548)
|güç1=
{{I. Justinianus'un Savaşları kutusu}}
{{Lazlar}}
'''Lazika Savaşı''', aynı zamanda '''Colchidian Savaşı''' ya da Gürcü tarih yazımında, '''Egrisi{{'}}nin Büyük Savaşı''' ([[Gürcüce]]: ეგრისის დიდი ომი, ''Egrisis Didi Omi'') olarak bilinir, [[Bizans İmparatorluğu]] ile [[Sasani İmparatorluğu]] arasında [[Lazika]]'nın antik [[Gürcistan]] bölgesinin kontrolü için
==
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Lazica, situated on the eastern shore of the [[Black Sea]], and controlling important mountain passes across the [[Caucasus]] and to the [[Caspian Sea]], had a key strategic importance for both empires. For Byzantines, it was a barrier against a Persian advance through [[Caucasian Iberia|Iberia]] to the coasts of the Black Sea. Persians on the other side hoped to gain access to the sea, and control a territory from which Iberia, which was by now under their firm domination, could be threatened.<ref>{{harvnb|Salia|1980|p=113}}</ref>
== Background ==
The Persian [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanians]] recognized Lazica (Egrisi) as part of the Roman/Byzantine sphere of influence by the "[[Eternal Peace (532)|Eternal Peace]]" Treaty of 532. By that time, in order to foster their influence over the local monarchy, the Byzantines had insisted on the conversion of the King, [[Tzath I of Lazica|Tzath I]]: he received both baptism and royal attributes in [[Constantinople]], from Emperor [[Justin I]] ([[Justinian I|Justinian's]] predecessor), in 522/3.<ref>{{harvnb|Salia|1980|p=114}}</ref> Byzantine garrisons were stationed in Lazica and in neighboring [[Abkhazia|Abasgia]], mostly in the coastal cities of [[Poti]], [[Sukhum|Sebastopolis]] and [[Pitsunda|Pityus]]. The kingdom's capital, [[Archaeopolis]], was fortified, as well as the southern access to the kingdom on the coastal road at [[Petra, Lazica|Petra]] (present-day [[Tsikhisdziri]], north of [[Batumi]]). In 536, however, the Byzantine presence turned into a full protectorate, as the king lost many powers to the new ''[[magister militum]] per Armeniam'' [[John Tzibus]]. When Tzibus curtailed the freedom of trade of Lazic tradesmen to advance Byzantine interests, the popular dissatisfaction led to a full-scale uprising in 541, and the weakened king, [[Gubazes II of Lazica|Gubazes II]], secretly sought Persian assistance against the Byzantines.
== War ==
Those calls were answered that year by the Persian king [[Khosrow I]], who entered Lazica, [[Siege of Petra (541)|captured]] the Byzantine main stronghold of [[Petra, Lazica|Petra]], and established another protectorate over the country.<ref>{{harvnb|Martindale|Jones|Morris|1992|pp=559, 639}}; {{harvnb|Bury|1958|pp=101–102}}.</ref>
In 543, a [[Battle of Anglon|Roman invasion of Armenia]] was defeated by a small Persian force at Anglon. However, the Shah’s attempt to establish a direct Persian control over the country and the missionary zeal of the [[Zoroastrian]] priests soon caused discontent in [[Christianity|Christian]] Lazica and King Gubazes revolted in 548, this time against the Persians. Gubazes II requested aid from Emperor [[Justinian I]] and brought [[Alans]] and [[Sabir people|Sabirs]] to an alliance. Justinian sent 7,000 Roman and 1,000 [[Tzani]] (relatives of the [[Laz people|Lazs]]) auxiliaries under [[Dagisthaeus]] to assist Gubazes, and [[Siege of Petra (549)|besieged]] the Petra fortress. Persian reinforcements under [[Mihr-Mihroe]] defeated a small Byzantine force guarding the mountain passes and relieved the besieged Petra. Mihr-Mihroe garrisoned 3,000 men in the fortress and marched to [[Armenia]] leaving 5,000 soldiers to plunder Lazica. This force was destroyed by Dagisthaeus at the [[Rioni river|Phasis river]] in 549. The next Persian offensive also proved to be unsuccessful with the commander Chorianes killed in a decisive battle at the river Hippis (now the [[Tskhenistskali]]). The new Byzantine commander Bessas quelled a pro-Persian revolt of the [[Abasgians|Abasgi]] tribe, took Petra and defeated Mihr-Mihroe at [[Archaeopolis]] in 551. However, the latter managed to capture [[Kutaisi|Cotais]] and the Uthimereos fortress blocking the important roads to the highland regions of [[Lechkhumi|Scymnia]] and [[Svaneti|Souania]]. In the summer of 555, he won an impressive victory at [[Battle of Telephis–Ollaria|Telephis]] and forced the Byzantine-Lazic forces to retreat to Nesos.
After the death of Mihr-Mihroe, [[Nachoragan]] was appointed the Persian commander-in-chief in 555. He repulsed the Byzantine attack on the Persian positions at [[Onoguris]] and forced the enemy out of [[Archaeopolis]], a city which Mihr-Mihroe had twice tried and failed to take. These defeats caused a bitter feud between the Lazic and Byzantine generals. King Gubazes quarreled with Byzantine commanders [[Bessas (general)|Bessas]], [[Martin (general under Justinian I)|Martin]], and Rusticus, complaining to emperor Justinian. Bessas was recalled, but Rusticus and his brother John eventually murdered Gubazes. The [[Laz people|Lazi]] people got the Emperor to nominate [[Tzath II of Lazica|Tzathes]], the younger brother of Gubazes, as their new king, and Senator Athanasius investigated the assassination. Rusticus and John were arrested, tried, and executed. In 556, the allies retook Archaeopolis and routed Nachoragan in his abortive [[Siege of Phasis|attack on Phasis]]. In the autumn and winter of the same year, the Byzantines suppressed a rebellion staged by the mountain tribe of the [[Misimians]], and finally expelled the Persians from the country.
== Outcome ==
{{See Also|Fifty-Year Peace Treaty}}
Then, in 557, a truce ended the hostilities between the Byzantines and Persians, and by the [[Treaty of Dara|"Fifty Years Peace" of Dara]] of 562, [[Khosrow I]] recognized Lazica as a Byzantine vassal state for an annual payment of gold.
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== Ayrıca bakınız ==
*[[İberya Savaşı]]
*[[Edessa Kuşatması (544)]]
== Kaynakça ==
;Genel
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*{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Ian |date=2009 |title=Belisarius: The Last Roman General|location=South Yorkshire |publisher=Pen & Sword Military |isbn=9781844158331}}
*{{
{{refend|2}}
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