Eşcinsellik: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

Önemli araştırmalar insanların %2’den %11’e kadar bir kısmının geçmişlerinde eşcinsel aktivite yaşadığını göstermektedir.<ref name = Billy1993>{{Dergi kaynağı|doi=10.2307/2136206|author=Billy JO, Tanfer K, Grady WR, Klepinger DH |title=The sexual behavior of men in the United States|jstor=2136206 |journal=Family Planning Perspectives |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=52–60 |year=1993 |pmid=8491287|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name = Binson1995>{{Dergi kaynağı|doi=10.1080/00224499509551795|first1=Diane |last1=Binson |first2=Stuart |last2=Michaels |first3=Ron |last3=Stall |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Coates |first5=John H. |last5=Gagnon |first6=Joseph A. |last6=Catania |year=1995 |title=Prevalence and Social Distribution of Men Who Have Sex with Men: United States and Its Urban Centers |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=245–54 |jstor=3812794|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name = Johnson1992>{{Dergi kaynağı|author=Johnson AM, Wadsworth J, Wellings K, Bradshaw S, Field J |title=Sexual lifestyles and HIV risk |journal=Nature |volume=360 |issue=6403 |pages=410–2 |year=1992 |month=December |pmid=1448163 |doi=10.1038/360410a0|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name = Laumann1994>Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). ''The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press.{{PageSayfa neededbelirt|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name = Wellings1994>Wellings, K., Field, J., Johnson, A., & Wadsworth, J. (1994). ''Sexual behavior in Britain: The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles.'' London, UK: Penguin Books.{{PageSayfa neededbelirt|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name = ACSF1992>{{Dergi kaynağı | doi = 10.1038/360407a0 | author = Investigators ACSF | year = 1992 | title = AIDS and sexual behaviour in France | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 360 | issue = 6403| pages = 407–409 | pmid = 1448162 | ref = harv }}</ref><ref name = Bogaert2004>{{Dergi kaynağı|author=Bogaert AF |title=The prevalence of male homosexuality: the effect of fraternal birth order and variations in family size |journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology |volume=230 |issue=1 |pages=33–7 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15275997 |doi=10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.035|ref=harv}} Bogaert argues that: "The prevalence of male homosexuality is debated. One widely reported early estimate was 10% (e.g., Marmor, 1980; Voeller, 1990). Some recent data provided support for this estimate (Bagley and Tremblay, 1998), but most recent large national samples suggest that the prevalence of male homosexuality in modern western societies, including the United States, is lower than this early estimate (e.g., 1–2% in Billy et al., 1993; 2–3% in Laumann et al., 1994; 6% in Sell et al., 1995; 1–3% in Wellings et al., 1994). It is of note, however, that homosexuality is defined in different ways in these studies. For example, some use same-sex behavior and not same-sex attraction as the operational definition of homosexuality (e.g., Billy et al., 1993); many sex researchers (e.g., Bailey et al., 2000; Bogaert, 2003; Money, 1988; Zucker and Bradley, 1995) now emphasize attraction over overt behavior in conceptualizing sexual orientation." (p. 33) Also: "...the prevalence of male homosexuality (in particular, same-sex attraction) varies over time and across societies (and hence is a "moving target") in part because of two effects: (1) variations in fertility rate or family size; and (2) the fraternal birth order effect. Thus, even if accurately measured in one country at one time, the rate of male homosexuality is subject to change and is not generalizable over time or across societies." (p. 33)</ref><ref name = Fay1989>{{Dergi kaynağı|author=Fay RE, Turner CF, Klassen AD, Gagnon JH |title=Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men |journal=Science |volume=243 |issue=4889 |pages=338–48 |year=1989 |month=January |pmid=2911744 |doi=10.1126/science.2911744|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name = Sell1995>{{Dergi kaynağı|doi=10.1007/BF01541598|author=Sell RL, Wells JA, Wypij D |title=The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: results of national population-based samples |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=235–48 |year=1995 |month=June |pmid=7611844|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name=SavinWilliams2009>{{Cite doi|10.1007/978-0-387-09556-1}}</ref> Eşcinsel çekimler ve/veya davranışlar rapor edildiğinde bu oran %16-21’e çıkmaktadır.<ref name=SavinWilliams2009>{{Cite doi|10.1007/978-0-387-09556-1}}</ref> 2006’daki bir araştırmada, araştırmaya katılanların %20’si bazı eşcinsel hisleri deneyimlediğini anonim olarak rapor etmiş ama sadece %2-3’ü kendi kimliğini eşcinsel olarak gördüğünü söylemiştir.<ref name="McConaghy et al">McConaghy et al., 2006</ref> 1992’de yapılan bir araştırmada Britanyalı erkeklerinin %6.1’i, Fransız erkeklerininse %4.1’inin eşcinsel deneyim yaşadığı rapor edilmiştir.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE0D91E3EF93BA35751C1A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Sexual Behavior Levels Compared in Studies In Britain and France]</ref> 2008’de yapılmış bir anket, Britanyalıların %13’ünün eşcinsel aktivite yaşadığını ama sadece %6’sının kendi kimliklerini eşcinsel ya da biseksüel olarak gördüklerini bulmuştur.<ref name=guardianpoll>{{Haber kaynağı|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/26/relationships |title=Sex uncovered poll: Homosexuality |publisher=Guardian |date=26 Ekim 2008|accessdate=24 Ağustos 2010| location=London}}</ref> 2010’da Ulusal İstatistik Ofisi’inin (ONS) yaptığı bir anket, Britanyalıların %1.5’inin kendi kimliklerini eşcinsel ya da biseksüel olarak gördüğünü bulmuştur. ONS, bu bulguların %0.3’le %3’ arasında bir oranı gösteren araştırmalarla uyumlu olduğunu öne sürmüştür.<ref name="more-or-less-2010-10-01"/><ref>{{Web kaynağı | başlık = Measuring Sexual Identity : Evaluation Report, 2010 | url = http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ethnicity/measuring-sexual-identity---evaluation-report/2010/index.html | yayıncı = [[Office for National Statistics]] | tarih =23 Eylül 2010| arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20150626204329/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ethnicity/measuring-sexual-identity---evaluation-report/2010/index.html | arşivtarihi = 26 Haziran 2015}}</ref>