János Kádár: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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115. satır:
{{see also|Gulaş Komünizmi}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-57000-0270, Berlin, V. SED-Parteitag, 5.Tag.jpg|thumb|left|[[Willi Stoph]] ve János Kádár. [[Doğu Berlin]]-1958.]]
Kádár çok zor bir dönemde yönetimin başına geçti. Ülke bir kaç aydan beri Sovyet askeri kontrolündeydi. Komünist Parti'nin devrik liderleri SSCB'ye kaçmış, tekrar yönetimi ele geçirme planları yapıyorlardı. [[Çin]], [[Doğu Almanya]] ve [[Çekoslovakya]] liderleri, karşı devrime kalkışanların en sert biçimde cezalandırılmalarını talep ediyorlardı. Tüm ekonomik zorluklara ve yeni yönetime duyulan güvensizliğe rağmen, Kádár olağanüstü kısa bir sürede durumu normalleştirmeyi başardı. Bu da, komünist bloktan ayrılmanın imkansız olduğunu kabullenmek sayesinde gerçekleşti. Macar halkı da, Batı'nın kendilerine verdikleri vaatlerin, [[Soğuk Savaş]] koşullarında verilmiş, tutulması imkansız boş vaatler olduğunu anlamıştı. Artık Batı'nın da kabul ettiği üzere, Macaristan Sovyet nüfuz alanının bir parçası olarak kalmaya devam edecekti. Sovyetler Birliği etkisi altında olsa da, János Kádár, SSCB'dekilerden aykırı politikalar yürütebiliyordu. Örneğin Macar çiftçilerin, tarım kolektiflerinde çok daha geniş arazi sahibi olabilmelerine imkan tanıyordu.
In notable contrast to Rákosi, who repeatedly declared "he who is not with us is against us" in his rally speeches, Kádár declared that "he who is not against us is with us." He gradually lifted Rákosi's more draconian measures against free speech and movement, and also eased some restrictions on cultural activities. He even tolerated [[samizdat]] publications to a far greater extent than his counterparts. Hungarians had much more freedom than their Eastern Bloc counterparts to go about their daily lives. His regime was far more humane than other Communist regimes, especially so when compared to the first seven years of undisguised Communist rule in Hungary. Nonetheless, the Communists maintained absolute control over the government and also encouraged citizens to join party organizations. The [[National Assembly of Hungary|National Assembly]], like its counterparts in other Communist countries, was elected on the basis of a single Communist-dominated list and did little more than approve decisions already made by the MSZMP and its Politburo. The secret police, while operating with somewhat more restraint than their counterparts in other Eastern Bloc countries, were nonetheless a feared tool of government control. The Hungarian media remained under censorship that was considered fairly onerous by Western standards, but far less stringent than was the case in other Communist countries.▼
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[[File:János Kádár 1962.jpg|thumb|János Kádár c. 1962]]▼
As a result of the relatively high standard of living, and more relaxed travel restrictions than that of other Eastern Bloc countries, Hungary was generally considered one of the better countries in which to live in Eastern Europe during the [[Cold War]]. The dramatic fall in living standards after the fall of Communism led to some nostalgia about the Kádár era. However, the relatively high living standards had their price in the form of a considerable amount of [[state debt]] left behind by the Kádár régime. As mentioned above, the regime's cultural and social policies were still somewhat authoritarian; their impact on contemporary Hungarian culture is still a matter of considerable debate.
During Kádár's rule, international tourism increased dramatically, with many tourists from Canada, the USA, and Western Europe bringing much needed money into Hungary. Hungary built strong relations with developing countries and many foreign students arrived. The "[[Crown of Saint Stephen|Holy Crown]]" (referred to in the media as the "Hungarian Crown", so as to prevent it carrying a political symbolism of the [[Hungary between the two world wars|Horthy régime]] or an allusion to Christianity) and regalia of Hungarian kings was returned to Budapest by the United States in 1978.
Kádár was known for his simple and modest lifestyle and avoided the self-indulgence persona of other Communist leaders. He also had a strong aversion and zero tolerance against corruption or ill-doing in his government. Playing chess was his only pastime.<ref>Victor Sebestyen (2006) ''Twelve Days''. Pantheon Books.
▲[[File:János Kádár 1962.jpg|thumb|János Kádár c. 1962]]
Kádár was awarded the [[Lenin Peace Prize]] (1975–76). He was also awarded the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] on 3 April 1964.<ref>{{ru icon}}[http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id = 2161 Biography] at the website on Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia.</ref>
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