Bağımsızlık ilanı: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
| [kontrol edilmiş revizyon] | [kontrol edilmiş revizyon] |
İçerik silindi İçerik eklendi
"'''Bağımsızlık ilanı''' veya '''Devlet İlanı''' belirli bir toprak hakkında yapılan ve o toprağın bağımsız bir devlet oluşturduğunu ileri..." içeriğiyle yeni sayfa oluşturdu |
Değişiklik özeti yok |
||
1. satır:
'''Bağımsızlık ilanı''' veya '''Devlet İlanı''' belirli bir toprak hakkında yapılan ve o toprağın [[bağımsız]] bir devlet oluşturduğunu ileri süren bir iddiadır. Bu tip yerler genellikle diğer bir ülkenin topraklarının bir kısmında veya tamamında ya da kendisinden büyük ve dağılmakta olan ülkenin topraklarında ilan edilir. 2010'da [[Uluslararası Adalet Divanı]] Kosova hakkındaki tavsiye raporunu açıklarken uluslararası hukuğun bağımsızlık ilanına ilişkin herhangi bir kısıtlaması olmadığını açıklamıştır.<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/5rRB9e3bz?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F141%2F15987.pdf "Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo"] (PDF). Icj-cij.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-23.</ref> Fakat yine de bağımsızlık ilanında bulunmak, topraklarından ayrılmak istenen ülke tarafından bu hareketin [[Başkaldırma|isyan]] olarak görülmesine sebep olabilir, ve bu da daha sonradan sorunun çözülmesi için [[bağımsızlık savaşı]] veya yasal bir yaptırım gerektirebilir.
== Bağımsızlık ilanları listesi ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Bölge
!İlan
!Tarih
!Yıl
!İlişki
!İmzalayanlar
!İlk tanıyan devlet
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg}}Arnavutluk
|Albanian Declaration of Independence
|November 28
|1912
|Ottoman Empire
|Assembly of Vlorë
|
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Argentina (alternative).svg}} Birleşik Rio de la Plata İlleri
<small>(günümüz</small>
<small> Arjantin,</small><small> Uruguay</small><small> Bolivya)</small>
|Argentine Declaration of Independence
|July 9
|1816
|Spain
|Congress of Tucumán
|Kingdom of Hawaii
|-
|{{Flag|Armenia}} Ermenistan
|First Republic of Armenia
|May 28
|1918
|Russian Empire
|Armenian National Congress (1917) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF Dashnak)
|Russia
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} Azerbaycan
|Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
|May 28
|1918
|Russian Empire
|Azerbaijani National Council (Hasan bey Aghayev, Fatali Khan Khoyski, Nasib Yusifbeyli, Jamo bey Hajinski, Şefi bey Rustambeyli, Nariman bey Narimanbeyov, Javad Malik-Yeganov, Mustafa Mahmudov)
|Ottoman Empire
|-
| {{Flag|Azawad}}Azavad
|Azawadi declaration of independence
|April 6
|2012
|Mali
|National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bangladesh|1971}}Bangladeş
|Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence
|March 26
|1971
|Pakistan
|Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
|Bhutan
|-
| {{Flag|Belarus|1991}}Belarus
|Declaration of Independence
|March 25
|1918
|Russia
|Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
|
|-
|{{Flag|Belarus|1991}} Belarus
|Belavezha Accords
|December 25
|1991
|Soviet Union
|Presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus
|Turkey
|-
|{{Flag|Belgium}} Belçika
|Belgian Declaration of Independence
|October 4
|1830
|Netherlands
|Provisional Government of Belgium
|
|-
| {{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}}Bosna Hersek
|Bosnian Declaration of Independence
|March 1
|1992
|Yugoslavia
|
|Bulgaria
|-
| {{Flag|Empire of Brazil}} Brezilya İmparatorluğu
|Independence of Brazil
|September 7
|1822
|Portugal
|Pedro I of Brazil
|United States
|-
|Bougainville
|Bougainville Declaration of Independence
|May
|1990
|Papua New Guinea
|Bougainville Interim Government
|unknown
|-
| Bulgaria
|Bulgarian Declaration of Independence
|September 22
|1908
|Ottoman Empire
|Ferdinand of Bulgaria and the Government of Bulgaria
|Russian Empire (5 February 1909)
|-
| Catalonia
|Declaration of the Catalan Republic as a state of the Iberian Federation
|April 14
|1931
|Spain
|Francesc Macià, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
|
|-
| Catalonia
|Declaration of the Catalan state within the Federal Republic of Spain
|October 6
|1934
|Spain
|Lluís Companys, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
|
|-
|Central America
|Act of Independence of Central America
|September 15
|1821
|Spain
|
|
|-
| Chile
|Chilean Declaration of Independence
|February 12
|1818
|Spain
|National Congress
|Portugal
|-
| Colombia
|Colombian Declaration of Independence
|July 20
|1810
|Spain
|
|
|-
| Croatia
|Independence of Croatia
|June 25
|1991
|Yugoslavia
|
|Iceland
|-
| Republic of Crimea
|Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea
|March 11
|2014
|Ukraine
|Supreme Council of Crimea
|Russia
|-
| Dominican Republic
|Dominican Declaration of Independence
|February 27
|1844
|Haiti
|
|United Kingdom
|-
| East Timor
|East Timorese declaration of independence
|November 28
|1975
|Portugal
|
|Morocco
|-
| Egypt
|Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence
|February 28
|1922
|United Kingdom
|Unilateral grant of independence by the British government
|United Kingdom
|-
| Estonia
|Estonian Declaration of Independence
|February 24
|1918
|Russia
|Salvation Committee
|Russian SFSR
|-
| Estonia
|Estonian Reconfirmation of Independence
|August 20
|1991
|Soviet Union
|Congress of Estonia
|Iceland(reconfirmed earlier recognition)
|-
| Finland
|Finnish Declaration of Independence
|December 6
|1917
|Russia
|Parliament of Finland
|Russian SFSR
|-
|Florida
|Florida's Constitution of 1861
|January 10
|1861
|United States
|Florida State Legislature
|
|-
|Galicia
|Declaration of the Republic of Galicia
|June 27
|1931
|Spain
|
|
|-
| Georgia
|Democratic Republic of Georgia
|May 26
|1918
|Russian Empire
|
|Germany
|-
|Georgia (U.S. state)
|Georgia's secession declaration
|January 29
|1861
|United States
|
|
|-
|Greece
|Greek Declaration of Independence
|January 1 <small>OS</small>
|1822
|Ottoman Empire
|First National Assembly
|Haiti <small>(1822)</small>
|-
| Guinea-Bissau
|Guinea-Bissau Declaration of Independence
|September 24
|1973
|Portugal
|
|
|-
| Haiti
|Haitian Declaration of Independence
|January 1
|1804
|France
|Jean-Jacques Dessalines
|France
<small>(April 17, 1825)</small>
|-
|Hungary
|Hungarian Declaration of Independence
|April 14
|1849
|Austrian Empire
|
|
|-
| Iceland
|Icelandic Declaration of Independence
|June 17
|1944
|Denmark
|
|United States
|-
|Iraq
|Iraq Declaration of Independence
|October 3
|1932
|United Kingdom
|
|United Kingdom
|-
| India
|Declaration of the Independence of India
|January 26
|1930
|United Kingdom
|
|
|-
| Indonesia
|Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
|August 17
|1945
|Netherlands
|Sukarno & Mohammad Hatta
|Egypt or Vatican
|-
|Ireland
|Proclamation of the Irish Republic
|April 24 (Easter Monday)
|1916
|United Kingdom
|Irish Volunteers
Irish Citizen Army
|
|-
|Irish Republic
|Irish Declaration of Independence
|January 21
|1919
|United Kingdom
|Dáil Éireann
|Russian SFSR
|-
| Israel
|Israeli Declaration of Independence
|May 14
|1948
|United Kingdom
|Jewish People's Council
|United States
|-
|Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
|Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence
|February 28
|1914
|Principality of Albania
|Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
|
|-
|Katanga
|Katangan Declaration of Independence
|
|1960
|Congo (Léopoldville)
|
|
|-
|Korea
|Korean Declaration of Independence
|March 1
|1919
|Japan
|
|
|-
|Republic of the North Solomons
|Declaration of Independence of the Republic of the North Solomons
|September 1
|1975
|Territory of Papua and New Guinea(Australia)
|Unknown
|Catholic Church
|-
| Kosovo
|Kosovo declaration of independence
|February 17
|2008
|Serbia
|Assembly of Kosovo
|Afghanistan and Costa Rica
|-
|Republic of Kosova
|Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova
|September 22
|1992
|Serbia
|Provincial Assembly of Kosovo
|Albania
|-
| Latvia
|Latvian Declaration of Independence
|November 18
|1918
|Germany, Russia
|People's Council of Latvia
|Russian SFSR
|-
| Latvia
|On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
|May 4
|1990
|Soviet Union
|Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR
|Iceland
|-
| Liberia
|Liberian Declaration of Independence
|July 16
|1847
|American Colonization Society
|Liberian Constitutional Convention
|United Kingdom
|-
| Lithuania
|Act of Independence of Lithuania
|February 16
|1918
|Germany, Russia
|Council of Lithuania
|Germany
|-
| Lithuania
|Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
|March 11
|1990
|Soviet Union
|Supreme Council of Lithuania
|Iceland
|-
| Macedonia
|Independence of the Republic of Macedonia
|September 8
|1991
|Yugoslavia
|
|Bulgaria
|-
|Federation of Malaya
<small>(present dayMalaysia)</small>
|Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957
|August 31
|1957
|United Kingdom
|Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia
|United Kingdom
|-
|Mississippi
|A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union
|January 9
|1861
|United States
|
|
|-
|First Mexican Empire
<small>(present dayMexico)</small>
|Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
<small>(real independence)</small>
|September 28
|1821
|Spain
|<small>Supreme Provisional Governmental Board</small>
|United Kingdom<small>(January 4, 1825)</small>
|-
| Moldova
|Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova
|August 27
|1991
|Soviet Union
|Parliament of the Republic of Moldova
|Romania
|-
|Morocco
|Moroccan Declaration of Independence
|January 11
|1944
|France
|Istiqlal Party
|
|-
| Montenegro
|Montenegro declaration of independence
|June 3
|2006
|Serbia and Montenegro
|Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro
|Iceland
|-
| Netherlands
|Act of Abjuration
|July 26
|1581
|Spanish Empire
|Union of Utrecht
|
|-
| New Zealand
|Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand
|October 28
|1835
|—
|Māori chiefs
|United Kingdom
|-
|Northern America
<small>(present dayMexico)</small>
|Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
|November 6
|1813
|Spain
|Congress of Anáhuac
|
|-
|Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
|Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
|November 15
|1983
|Cyprus
|
|Turkey
|-
| Norway
|Constitution of Norway
|May 17
|1814
|Union according to Treaty of Kiel
|Constitutional assembly
|
|-
| Padania
|Padanian Declaration of Independence
|September 15
|1996
|Italy
|
|
|-
| Pakistan
|Pakistan Resolution
|March 24
|1940
|Indian Empire, United Kingdom
|Muslim League (Pakistan)
|
|-
| Palestine
|Palestinian Declaration of Independence
|November 15
|1988
|Palestinian territories
|Palestinian National Council
|Arab League
|-
|Peru
|Act of the Declaration of Independence of Peru
|July 28
|1821
|Spain
|José de San Martín
|
|-
| Philippines
|Philippine Declaration of Independence
|June 12
|1898
|Spain
|98 persons (ratified on September 29, 1898 by the Malolos Congress)
|
|-
| Rhodesia
|Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence
|November 11
|1965
|United Kingdom
|Ian Smith and the rest of the Cabinet
|none
|-
| Romania
|Romanian Declaration of Independence
|May 22
|1877
|Ottoman Empire
|King Carol I
|
|-
| Russia
|Belavezha Accords (''de facto'')
Officially never declared "independence", to become successor to the Soviet Union.
|December 8
|1991
|Soviet Union
|Presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus
|
|-
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
|Bir Lehlou declaration
|February 27
|1976
|Spanish Sahara
|Polisario Front
|Madagascar
|-
| Kingdom of Scotland
|Declaration of Arbroath
|April 6
|1320
|Kingdom of England
|Scottish leaders
|
|-
|Serbia
|The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)
|February
|1809
|Ottoman Empire
|Karađorđe Petrović and Serbian MPs
|
|-
|Singapore
|Proclamation of Singapore
|August 9
|1965
|Malaysia
|Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
|United Kingdom(confirmed earlier recognition)
|-
| Slovakia
|Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation
|July 17
|1992
|Czechoslovakia
|Slovak National Council
|
|-
| Slovenia
|Slovenian Declaration of Independence
|June 25
|1991
|Yugoslavia
|
|Croatia
|-
| Somaliland
|Somaliland Declaration of Independence
|May 18
|1991
|Somalia
|
|none
|-
|South Carolina
|Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union
|December 24
|1860
|United States
|South Carolinians in Charleston
|
|-
| Sri Lanka
|Declaration of Independence of Sri Lanka (Then known as "Ceylon")
|February 4
|1948
|United Kingdom
|
|none
|-
|Texas, Republic of
|Texas Declaration of Independence
|March 2
|1836
|Mexico
|
|France
|-
|Texas
|A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union
|February 1
|1861
|United States
|Texas Legislature
|
|-
| Tibet
|Tibet's Declaration of Independence
|February 13
|1913
|China
|13th Dalai Lama
|none
|-
| Turkmenistan
|Declaration of independence
|
|1991
|Soviet Union
|none
|Turkey
|-
| Ukraine
|IV Universal
|January 22
|1918
|Russia
|Central Council of Ukraine
|
|-
| Ukraine
|Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
|August 24
|1991
|Soviet Union
|Verkhovna Rada
|Poland/Canada
|-
| United States
|United States Declaration of Independence
|July 4
|1776
|Kingdom of Great Britain
|Second Continental Congress
|France
|-
| Uzbekistan
|Declaration of Independence
|August 31
|1991
|Soviet Union
|Supreme Council of Uzbekistan
|Turkey
|-
| Venezuela
|Venezuelan Declaration of Independence
|July 5
|1811
|Spain
|National Congress
|
|-
|Vermont Republic
|Vermont Declaration of Independence
|January 15
|1777
|New York and New Hampshire
|
|United States
|-
| Vietnam
|Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
|September 2
|1945
|France
|Hồ Chí Minh
|Soviet Union
|-
|Lower Canada
|Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
|February 22
|1838
|United Kingdom
|Robert Nelson
|none
|}
| |||