Federasyon Konseyi (Rusya): Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

[kontrol edilmiş revizyon][kontrol edilmiş revizyon]
İçerik silindi İçerik eklendi
Yzkoc (mesaj | katkılar)
Yzkoc (mesaj | katkılar)
102. satır:
=== Siyasi mensubiyet ===
Partiler ve liderleri ile ayrılmış [[Devlet Duması]]'ndan farklı olarak, Mironov’un başkanlığa seçiminin ardından 2002 yılında partiler yasaklanmıştır ve [[iç tüzük]] tüm siyasi grupları dağıtmıştır.
 
<!--
==Elections==
Devlet Duması, Rusya'nın eyalet yasama organlarında farklı olarak, Konsey doğrudan seçilmemektedir onun yerine bölgesel politikacılar tarafından seçilmektedir, 1913 tarihli [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Anayasası]]'nın 17. değişikliğine istinaden [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Senatosu]] yapısına bazı açılardan benzer. Tek istisna ilk Federasyon Konseyi (1994–1996), 12 Aralık 1993 seçimleri ile seçilmiştir.
Unlike the State Duma and the provincial legislatures throughout Russia, the Council is not directly elected, but instead chosen by territorial politicians, resembling in some respects to the structure of the [[U.S. Senate]] prior to the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913. The only exclusion was the first Federation council (1994–1996), which was elected on December 12, 1993.
 
95. maddeye göre her bir federal yapının gönderdiği 2 üyeden oluşur. Bir senatör, eyalet yasama organı tarafından seçilir, diğeri ise eyalet valisi tarafından önerilir ve yasama organı tarafından onaylanır. 2000 yılına kadar tüm eyalet [[vali]]leri ve eyalet yasama organı başkanları da konsey üyesiydiler. Başkan Putin'in iktidara gelmesinden sonra, bu uygulama valilerin iki makamı ellerinde tutmalarını yasaklayan [[Kremlin]]'in baskısıyla devam ettirilmedi.
According to Article&nbsp;95, the Council comprises representatives of each Russian federal subject—two from each. One senator is elected by the provincial legislature, the other is nominated by the provincial governor and confirmed by the legislature. Prior to 2000, all provincial [[governor]]s and heads of provincial legislatures were also members of the Council. Upon President Putin’s ascension to the Russian presidency, this practice was discontinued under pressure from the [[Kremlin]], forbidding governors to hold dual posts.
 
Meclisin devam eden federal yapılanma doğası gereği Konsey'in yasama dönemi ulusal bazda sabitlenmemiştir. Dönem bunun yerine temsil ettikleri bölgesel yapıya göre belirlenmiştir.
Terms to the Council are also not nationally fixed, due to the continuing territorial nature of the chamber. Terms instead are determined according to the regional bodies they represent.
 
In 2001–2004 regional bodies were able to recall their senator by the same procedure as they've appointed him or her. Such recalls once occurred quite often. But a new law passed in December 2004 required that a recall procedure must be first initiated by the chairman of Federation Council. The procedure hasn't been implemented since.
 
2001 ile 2004 yılları arasında bölgesel yapılar senatörleri onları atadıkları aynı yöntem ile geri çağırabiliyorlardı. Aralık 2004 yılında çıkan bir kanun ile geri çağırma sürecine, Federasyon Konseyi başkanının başlatması kuralı getirildi. Bu değişiklikten sonra hiç bir geri çağırma olmamıştır.
<!--
On January 1, 2013, the latest Law on the Procedure to Form the Federation Council entered into force: According to the Law, the Federation Council consists of two delegates from each Russian constituent component, one representing the given region's legislative assembly and the other representing the provincial executive authorities. There will be two different election procedures, one for each type of member. (Federal Law No. 229, art. 1.1.) Candidates for the Senator from a constituent component's legislature must be a member of the component region's legislative assembly. He or she will be nominated as a candidate by the chairman of the regional legislative assembly, by one party faction represented in the assembly, or by at least one-fifth of the assembly members. Then, the regional legislative assembly will vote for one of the nominated candidates.<ref name="GLM">{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403446_text|title=Russia: New Procedure to Form the Parliament's Upper Chamber|last=Roudik|first=Peter|date=4 January 2013|work=Global Legal Monitor|publisher=Law Library of Congress (public domain text incorporated directly on to this page)|accessdate=21 September 2014}}</ref>
-->
 
Başkan tarafından aday gösterilen 17 yeni sanatörü içeren kanun değişikliği Temmuz 2014 tarihinde kabul edildi.
An amendment to the law was approved in July 2014, which add 17 more senators who are nominated by the president.
<!--
 
The second type of delegate to the Federation Council, the regional executive authority representative, is appointed by the Governor of that constituent component. The delegate is selected from among three people named by the candidates for the office of Governor. The winner of the gubernatorial election appoints one of the three he or she previously named to serve on the Federation Council.<ref name="GLM"/>
-->
 
==Powers Yetkileri ==
<!--
Federation Council is viewed as a more formal chamber of the Federal Assembly. Because of its federalist design, as well as its voting franchise strictly limited to provincial elites, the Council is viewed as less volatile to radical changes.
 
Satır 124 ⟶ 125:
 
Special powers that accorded only to the Federation Council are:
-->
 
* Rusya Federasyonun'da bulunan [[Rusya'nın federal yapılanması|federal yapıların]] sınırlarında yapılan değişiklikleri onaylamak;
* Approval of changes in borders between the [[Federal subjects of Russia|subjects]] of the Russian Federation;
<!--
* Approval of a [[Decree of the President of Russia|decree]] of the President of the Russian Federation on the [[Martial law in Russia|introduction of martial law]];
* Approval of a [[Decree of the President of Russia|decree]] of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a [[state of emergency]];
Satır 137 ⟶ 139:
For laws to pass the Federation Council, a vote of more than half of its 170 senators is required. When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Council’s votes are required for passage. If the Council [[veto]]es a law passed by the State Duma, the two chambers are mandated to form a Conciliation Committee in order to form a compromise document, which would again go under vote by both houses. The Federation Council's veto can be overcome by two-thirds majority in the Duma.
-->
 
== Komiteler ==
<!--