Dört Go Okulu: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

[kontrol edilmemiş revizyon][kontrol edilmemiş revizyon]
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uzun zamandir cevirilmeyen kisimlar cikartildi
1. satır:
{{çeviri}}
 
'''Dört Go Hanedanı''', [[Japon]] [[go]] tarihinde, [[Tokugawa Shogunluğu]]'nun başlangıç zamanında, go üzerine çalışmalar yapmak için devlet yönetimi tarafından desteklenmiş ve kontrol edilmiş dört go [[akademi]]sidir. Takriben aynı zamanlarda [[shogi]] de üç hanedan ile organize edilmiştir. Buradaki "hanedan" kavramı Japonya'daki diğer tüm gelenksel sanatlarda olduğu gibi ''[[iemoto]]'' sisteminin tanımlamış olduğu çizgide işleyen bir kurumu ifade eder. Özelde ifade edilecek olursa, bu dört hanedandan üçünün lideri nesilden nesile geçen bir ismi taşır: [[Inoue Inseki]], [[Yasui Senkaku]], [[Hayashi Monnyu]]. Dolayısı ile bu isimlere yapılan referanslar hanedanların o dönemdeki liderlerini ifade eder.
 
Satır 8 ⟶ 6:
 
Honinbo ve Hayashi [[Nichiren Budizmi]] ile aynı çizgide ve Inoue ile Yasui de [[Jodo Shu]] çizgisinde olmak üzere bahsi geçen bu go hanedanları aynı zamanda ''ismen'' birer [[Budist]] enstitüsüdürler<ref>''Go Monthly Review'' 1963/4 s.41</ref>. Bundan dolayı tüm oyuncuları erkektir.
 
Some outward forms only persisted of that connection, with the ''oshirogo'' games being played in Buddhist dress and with shaven heads; the stylish [[Ota Yuzo]] was given a waiver of the obligation since he was proud of his hair.<ref>age.</ref> After [[Honinbo Doetsu]] made a representation that long sleeves were troublesome for the players, a dispensation for shorter sleeves was allowed to them.<ref>age.</ref> At least in theory, matters on succession in the houses was subject to the authority of the ''[[jisha bugyo]]'', an official regulating religious establishments. Nominations as heir, typically within the ''iemoto'' system of the best disciple, who might not be a natural son but in effect adopted, were supposed to be made official.<ref>age.</ref> Deaths at an early age particularly affected the Honinbo house, and irregular succession could occur with potential for scandal.
 
==Official status==
 
The official posts of [[Meijin]] and [[godokoro]] were awarded, somewhat sporadically, and brought great prestige to the house. In practice backstairs intrigue was often brought to bear on the appointments. More creditably, since the Meijin title could only be awarded to the undisputed master player of the time, there were occasions when it was withheld from two candidates whose merit was very close (an example was [[Genjo]] and [[Chitoku]], around 1810-1820).
 
==Teaching==
 
The mode of teaching, by [[apprenticeship]], brought a consistent and high level of play (though some say the standard sagged in the [[eighteenth century]]). [[Esoteric]] teaching was normal, with collections of very difficult ''[[tsumego]]'' being compiled, one of which, the ''[[Igo Hatsuryon]]'', is still used for professional training. [[Prepared variation]]s were used in top games (notably in the [[blood-vomiting game]] of [[Jowa]] and [[Akaboshi]]). Go secrets were state secrets, in effect; since the country was closed to foreigners, in the main, the only international competition was against players from the [[Ryukyu Islands]], but those games are still cited as examples of the difference between strong amateurs and really strong players.
 
==Later history==
 
After a while the Honinbo house (of [[Dosaku]]) emerged as most prestigious, and the Hayashi house ran into difficulties, eventually being taken over by the Honinbo. The [[Meiji Restoration]] threw the system into disarray, but three houses survived some hard times to 1900. [[Honinbo Shusai]] arranged that the [[Honinbo title]] should become a tournament of the [[Nihon Kiin]] after his death (1939). The Yasui house died out; it is not certain [[as of 2004]] whether the Inoue house theoretically continues or not, though it dropped out of the mainstream from the 1920s.
 
== Dipnotlar ==
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