Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin eyaletleri: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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[[Dosya:Map of USA States with names white.svg|thumb|300px|Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin 50 eyaleti bulunmaktadır.]]
'''Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin eyaletleri''', [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri|Birleşik Devletleri]] oluşturan idari birimlerdir. Birbirleriyle bir [[politik birlik]] oluşturan 50 [[eyalet]] vardır. Her eyalet belirli bir coğrafi bölgede idari yetkiye sahiptir ve [[Egemenlik|egemenliğini]] [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri federal hükûmeti|Birleşik Devletler federal hükûmeti]] ile paylaşır. Egemenliğin her bir eyalet ile federal hükûmet arasında paylaşılmasından dolayı [[Amerikalılar]] hem [[federal cumhuriyet]]in, hem [[ikamet|ikamet ettikleri]] eyaletin [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri vatandaşlığı|vatandaşı]]dır.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Erler|first1=Edward|title=Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship|url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/14/essays/167/citizenship|publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}</ref> Eyalet vatandaşlığı ve ikamet esnektir ve [[Birleşik Devletler yasalarında taşınma hürriyeti|bir eyaletten diğerine taşınmak]] için herhangi bir hükûmet iznine gerek yoktur. [[Şartlı tahliye]]yle serbest kalmış hükümlüler ve [[Paylaşılan velayet|velayeti paylaşan]] boşanmış ebeveynlerin çocukları gibi belirli bir mahkeme kararıyla bu hakkı sınırlandırılmış kişiler, anılan kuralın istisnasını oluşturur.
[[List of US states by population|States range in population]] from just under 600,000 (Wyoming) to over 38 million (California), and in area from {{Convert|1214|sqmi}} (Rhode Island) to {{Convert|663268|sqmi}} (Alaska). Four states use the term ''[[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|commonwealth]]'' rather than ''state'' in their full official names.
States are divided into [[County (United States)|counties]] or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state. State governments are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual [[State constitution (United States)|constitutions]]. All are grounded in [[Republicanism in the United States|republican principles]], and each provides for a government, consisting of three branches: [[Governor (United States)|executive]], [[State legislature (United States)|legislative]], and [[State court (United States)|judicial]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/faq/faqtoc.aspx?subject=1 | title=Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature | publisher=[[Minnesota State Legislature]]}}</ref>
States possess a number of powers and rights under the [[United States Constitution]]; among them ratifying [[Constitutional amendment#United States|constitutional amendments]]. Historically, the tasks of local [[Law enforcement in the United States#State|law enforcement]], [[Education in the United States|public education]], [[Health care in the United States|public health]], regulating intrastate commerce, and local [[Transportation in the United States|transportation]] and [[infrastructure]] have generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, although all of these now have significant federal funding and regulation as well. Over time, the U.S. Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and [[Incorporation (Bill of Rights)|incorporation]], with the federal government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a continuing debate over [[states' rights]], which concerns the extent and nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals.
States and their residents are represented in the federal [[United States Congress|Congress]], a [[bicameral]] legislature consisting of the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House. Members of the House are elected from [[single-member district]]s. Representatives are [[United States congressional apportionment|distributed]] among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial [[United States Census|census]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Kristin D. Burnett |url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf |title=Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08) |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration}}</ref> Each state is also entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]], the body that elects the [[President of the United States]], equal to the total of representatives and senators from that state.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Elhauge|first1=Einer R.|title=Essays on Article II: Presidential Electors|url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/79/presidential-electors|publisher=The Heritage Foundation}}</ref>
The Constitution grants to Congress<ref>[[Article Four of the United States Constitution|Article IV]], Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution</ref> the authority to [[Admission to the Union|admit new states]] into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the [[Thirteen Colonies|original 13]] to 50. [[Alaska]] and [[Hawaii]] are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959.
The Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to [[Secession|secede]] (withdraw) from the Union. Shortly after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]], in ''[[Texas v. White]]'', held that a state cannot unilaterally do so.<ref name="books.google.com">Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-IjHbPvp1W0C Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession], p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Texas v. White 74 U.S. 700 (1868)|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/74/700/|website=Justia.com}}</ref>
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