Yeni Ordu (İngiltere): Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

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28. satır:
 
===Piyadeler===
[[Dosya:Pike and shot model.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kargı ve arkebüz silahlarının birlikte kullanıldığı taktiği anlatan bir maket (İsveç)]]
Piyade alayları on bölükten oluşur, içlerinde tüfekli birliklerle kargı taşıyan askerler karışık olurdu. Piyadelerin kırmızı üniformaları vardı. Farklı alayların üniforma üzerindeki yaka ve manşetlerde kendi simgelerini temsilen farklı renkleri olurdu. Resmi yazışmalarda alayına dı komutanının adıyla anılırdı. Yeni Ordu bünyesinde her iki tüfekçiye karşılık bir kargıcı olurdu. Muharebe sırasında özellikle arkebüzcülerin süvarilere karşı savunmasız kalmasına karşı önlem olarak kargılı birliklerle birlikte kullanılmıştır.
 
Kargıcılar, miğferlerinin yanısıra göğüs ve sırtıyla bacaklarını kapatan zırh giyerlerdi. 16 feet<ref>yaklaşık 5 metre</ref> uzunluğunda kargı ve br kılıç taşırlardı. Yükü oldukça ağır olan kargıcılar genel olarak ordunun sefer sırasında ilerleme hızını belirleyen bir etken olagelmiştir. Yeni Ordu özellikle [[İrlanda'nın Cromwell tarafından fethi|İrlanda Seferinde]] gerilla birliklerine karşı savaşırken kargıları bırakmak durumunda kalmıştır.
 
Arkebüz kullanan askerler iç savaşın sonuna kadar zırh kullanmamıştır.
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Foot
The Regiments of Foot consisted of ten companies, in which musketeers and pikemen were mixed, at least on the march. Seven companies consisted of one hundred soldiers, plus officers, specialists and so on, and were commanded by Captains. The other three companies were nominally commanded by the regiment's Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel and Major, and were stronger (200, 160 and 140 ordinary soldiers respectively).[9]
 
The regiments of foot were provided with red coats. Those used by various regiments were distinguished by differently coloured linings, which showed at the collar and ends of the sleeves, and generally matched the colours of the regimental and company standards. In time, they became the official "facing" colour.[10] On some occasions, regiments were referred to, for example, as the "blue" regiment or the "white" regiment from these colours, though in formal correspondence they were referred to by the name of their Colonel. Each company had its own standard, 6 feet (180 cm) square. The Colonel's company's standard was plain, the Lieutenant Colonel's had a cross of Saint George in the upper corner nearest the staff, the Major's had a "flame" issuing from the cross, and the Captains' standards had increasing numbers of heraldic decorations such as roundels or crosses to indicate their seniority.
 
The New Model Army always had two musketeers for each pikeman,[11] though depictions of battles show them present in equal numbers, in stylised formations that probably were never used.[a] On the battlefield, the musketeers lacked protection against enemy cavalry, and the two types of foot soldier were mixed. For most siege work, or for any action in wooded or rough country, the musketeer was generally more useful and versatile. Musketeers were often detached from their regiments, or "commanded", for particular tasks.
 
KARGI
 
Pikemen, when fully equipped, wore a pot helmet, back- and breastplates over a buff coat, and often also armoured tassets to protect the upper legs. They carried a sixteen-foot pike, and a sword. The heavily burdened pikeman usually dictated the speed of the Army's movement. They were frequently ordered to discard the tassets, and individual soldiers were disciplined for sawing a foot or two from the butts of their pikes,[12] although senior officers were recommended to make the men accustomed to marching with heavy loads by regular route marches. In irregular fighting in Ireland the New Model temporarily gave up the pike.[13] In battle, the pikemen were supposed to project a solid front of spearheads, to protect the musketeers from cavalry while they reloaded. They also led the infantry advance against enemy foot units, when things came to push of pike.[14]
 
The musketeers wore no armour, at least by the end of the Civil War,[15] although it is not certain that none had iron helmets at the beginning. They wore a bandolier from which were suspended twelve wooden containers each with a ball and measured charge of powder for their matchlock muskets. These containers are sometimes referred to as the "Twelve Apostles".[16] According to one source they carried 1 lb of fine powder, for priming, to 2 lbs of lead and 2 lbs of ordinary powder, the actual charging powder, for 3 lbs of lead.[17] They were normally deployed six ranks deep, and were supposed to keep up a constant fire by means of the countermarch—either by introduction whereby the rear rank filed to the front to fire a volley, or by retroduction where the front rank fired a volley then filed to the rear. By the time they reached the front rank again, they should have reloaded and been prepared to fire. At close quarters, there was often no time for musketeers to reload, and they used their musket butts as clubs. They carried swords, but these were often of inferior quality, and ruined by use for cutting firewood.[18] Bayonets were not introduced into European armies until the 1660s and so were not part of a musketeer's equipment.
 
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