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With television, [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc]], converting formats of unequal ratios is achieved by enlarging the original image to fill the receiving format's display area and cutting off any excess picture information ([[digital zoom|zooming]] and [[cropping]]), by adding horizontal mattes ([[letterbox]]ing) or vertical mattes ([[pillarbox]]ing) to retain the original format's aspect ratio, by stretching (hence distorting) the image to fill the receiving format's ratio, or by scaling by different factors in both directions, possibly scaling by a different factor in the center and at the edges (as in ''Wide Zoom mode'').
 
== Uygulamayla ilgili sınırlamalar ==
== Practical limitations ==
InSinema motion picture formatsformatlarında, thedişli physicalperformasyonların size of thearasındaki film areaalanının betweenfiziksel theboyutu [[sprocket]]resmin perforations determines the image'sboyutunu sizebelirler. TheEvrensel universal standardstandart, (established by1892'de [[William Kennedy Dickson|William Dickson]] andve [[Thomas Edison]] intarafından 1892kurulan) isdört aperforasyon frameyüksek thatolan isbir four perforations highçerçevedir. Filmin The film itself iskendisi 35&nbsp;mm widegenişliğindedir (1.,38&nbsp;ininç), butfakat theperforasyonlar areaarasındaki betweenalan the4:3 veya 1.33:1 "[[de facto]]" perforationsoranını isbırakarak 24.,89&nbsp;mm×18.,67&nbsp;mm'dir (0.,980&nbsp;in×0.inç×0,735&nbsp;ininç), leaving the de facto ratio of. 4:3, or 1.3{{overline|3}}:1.<ref name="asc">{{Cite book | last = Burum | first = Steped | year = 2004 | title = American Cinematographer Manual | edition = 9th | publisher = ASC Press | isbn = 0-935578-24-2 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Aoranı 4:3,075 ratioolan mimics(hemen humanhemen eyesight visual angle ofaynı) 155°h x 120°v, thatinsan isgözü 4:3.075,için almostgörüş exactlyaçısını thetaklit sameeder.
 
With a space designated for the standard [[sound-on-film|optical soundtrack]], and the frame size reduced to maintain an image that is wider than tall, this resulted in the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|Academy]] aperture of 22&nbsp;mm × 16&nbsp;mm (0.866&nbsp;in × 0.630&nbsp;in) or 1.37:1 aspect ratio.