Condottieri: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

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10. satır:
[[Haçlı Seferleri]]nin tamamlanmasıyla beraber Ortadoğu'da Müslümanlara karşı savaşmış olan çok sayıda komutan Avrupa'da ve özellikle İtalya'da boy göstermeye başlar. Çok çeşitli milliyetten olan bu paralı askerler zamanla örgütlenerek küçük çaplı ordulara dönüşmüştür.
 
Bu şekilde oluşturulan ve disiplinli kurallara sahip olan ilk paralı asker böllüğü Dük [[Werner von Urslingen]] ve Kont [[Konrad von Landau]] tarafından kurulan [[Ventura Bölüğü]] olur. Bölük olağanüstü disiplinli olması ve herkese rütbeden bağımsız olarak kârdan eşit hisse dağıtmasıyla ünlenir. Komutanlığını bir İtalyanın yaptığı ilk paralı asker bölüğü ise ''Aziz George Bölüğü'' olur.<ref>Bölük 1339 yılında Milanlı Luchino tarafından yenilir ve dağıtılır</ref>
 
 
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The first well organised mercenaries in Italy were the Ventura Companies of Duke Werner von Urslingen and Count Konrad von Landau. Werner’s company differed from other mercenary companies because its code of military justice imposed discipline and an equal division of the contract’s income. The Ventura Company increased in number until becoming the fearsome “Great Company” of some 3,000 barbute (each barbuta comprised a knight and a sergeant). The first mercenary company with an Italian condottiero as its chief was the "Company of St. George" formed in 1339 and led by Lodrisio Visconti. This company was defeated and destroyed by Luchino Visconti of Milan (another condottiero and Uncle of Lodrisio) in April 1339. Later, in 1377, a second "Company of St. George" was formed under the leadership of Alberico da Barbiano, also an Italian and the Count of Conio, who later taught military science to condottieri such as Braccio da Montone and Giacomuzzo Attendolo Sforza, who also served in the company.[2]
 
Once aware of their military power monopoly in Italy, the condottieri bands became notorious for their capriciousness, and soon dictated terms to their ostensible employers. In turn, many condottieri, such as Braccio da Montone and Muzio Sforza, became powerful politicians. As most were educated men acquainted with Roman military-science manuals (e.g. Vegetius’s Epitoma rei militarii), they began viewing warfare from the perspective of military science, rather than that of valor or physical courage—a great, consequential departure from chivalry, the traditional mediæval model of soldiering. Consequently, the condottieri fought by outmanoeuvring the opponent and fighting his ability to wage war, rather than risk uncertain fortune—defeat, capture, death—in battlefield combat.
 
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