Georgios Maniakes: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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'''Georgios Maniakes''' ({{Lang-el|Γεώργιος Μανιάκης}}, '''Georgios Maniaces''', '''Maniakis''', yada '''Maniaches''', {{Lang-it|Giorgio Maniace}}) (ö.1043) 11. yüzyılda yaşamış etkili bir was [[Bizans İmparatorluğu|Bizans]] general. 1042 yılında ''İtalya catepan''{{'}}ı oldu. İskandinav efsanelerinde '''Gyrgir''' olarak bilinir.<ref>http://books.google.se/books?id=gItVKprpx7sC</ref>
Maniakes, ilk Bizans İmparatorunun [[Halep]]'te yenildiği ama [[Edessa]]'ye [[Selçuklular]]dan almayı başardığı 1031 tarihli seferde ilk defa etkin oldu. En büyük başarısı, 1038 başlarında, [[Sicilya]]'yı [[Araplar]]dan kısmen yeniden feth etmesidir. Bu seferde Ona, sordan [[Norveç]] kralı olan [[III. Harald|Harald Hardrada]]'nın komuta ettiği [[Vareg Muhafızlar]]'ı yardım etmiştir.
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▲Here, he was assisted by the [[Varangian Guard]], which was at that time led by [[Harald III of Norway|Harald Hardrada]], who later became [[king of Norway]]. There were also [[Normans|Norman]] mercenaries with him, under [[William Iron Arm|William de Hauteville]], who won his nickname ''Iron Arm'' by defeating the [[emir]] of [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]] in single combat. However, he soon ostracised his admiral, Stephen, whose wife was the sister of [[John the Eunuch]], the highest ranking man at court, and, by publicly humiliating the leader of the [[Lombards|Lombard]] contingent, [[Arduin the Lombard|Arduin]], he caused them to desert him, with the Normans and Norsemen. In response, he was recalled by the emperor [[Michael IV the Paphlagonian|Michael IV]], also brother-in-law of Stephen. Although the Arabs soon took the island back, Maniakes' successes there later inspired the Normans to invade Sicily themselves.
Maniakes' accomplishments in Sicily were largely ignored by the Emperor, and he revolted against [[Constantine IX]] in 1042, though he had been appointed [[catapanate of Italy|catepan of Italy]]. The individual particularly responsible for antagonizing Maniakes into revolt was one Romanus Sclerus. Sclerus, like Maniakes, was one of the immensely wealthy landowners who owned large areas of Anatolia - his estates neighboured those of Maniakes and the two were rumoured to have attacked each other during a squabble over land. Sclerus owed his influence over the emperor to his famously charming sister the Sclerina, who, in most areas was a highly positive influence on Constantine. Finding himself in a position of power, Sclerus used it to poison Constantine against Maniakes - ransacking the latter's house and even seducing his wife, using the charm his family were famed for. Maniakes response, when faced with Sclerus demanding that he hand command of the empires forces in Apulia over to him, was to brutally torture the latter to death, after sealing his eyes, ears, nose and mouth with excrement.<ref>Bradbury, Jim. (2004) [http://books.google.com/books?id=j6y0E6YO-oEC&printsec=frontcover ''Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare'']. Routledge, p. 65 </ref> Maniakes was then proclaimed emperor by his troops (including the Varangians), and marched towards [[Constantinople]], in 1043 his army clashed with troops loyal to Constantine near [[Thessaloniki|Thessalonika]], and though initially successful, Maniakes was killed during the melee after receiving a fatal wound (according to Psellus' account). Constantine's extravagant punishment of the surviving rebels was to parade them in the Hippodrome, seated backwards on donkeys. With his death, the rebellion ceased. In Sicily, the town of [[Maniace]] and the Syracusan fortress of [[Castello Maniace]] are both named after him.
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