Vikipedi

Yardım:Matematiksel formüller

MediaWiki yazılımı matematiksel ifadelerin biçimlendirilmesinde LaTeX ve AMSLaTeX yazılımlarını içeren TeX yazılımını kullanmaktadır. Bazı matematiksel formüller kişisel tercihlere bağlı olarak PNG, bazıları ise HTML olarak gözükebilir.


Kodlama değiştir

Matematiksel kodlar <math> ... </math> kodları arasına yazılır. Math markup goes inside <math> ... </math>. The edit toolbar has a button for this.


Tex kodları doğru yazılmadıkları zaman hata uyarısı verirler. Bu nedenle kodları doğru yazdığınızdan emin olmalısınız.


Sunum değiştir

It should be pointed out that most of these shortcomings have been addressed by Maynard Handley, but have not been released yet.

The alt attribute of the PNG images (the text that is displayed if your browser can't display images; Internet Explorer shows it up in the hover box) is the wikitext that produced them, excluding the <math> and </math>.

Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics for variables, letters are in italics; digits are not. For other text, (like variable labels) to avoid being rendered in italics like variables, use \mbox or \mathrm. For example, <math>\mbox{abc}</math> gives  .

TeX ve HTML değiştir

Before introducing TeX markup for producing special characters, it should be noted that, as this comparison table shows, sometimes similar results can be achieved in HTML (see Help:Special characters).

TeX kodlaması TeX çıktısı HTML kodlaması HTML çıktısı
<math>\alpha\,</math>   &alpha; α
<math>\sqrt{2}</math>   &radic;2 √2
<math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>   &radic;<span style="text-decoration: overline;">1&minus;''e''&sup2;</div> √1−e²


as follows.

HTML'nin avantajları değiştir

  1. HTML ile yazılan formüller her zaman yazının bütünü gibi durur.
  2. HTML ile yazılan formüllerde, sayfanın arka planı, font türü, internet sunucusunun ayarları aktif olarak çalışır.
  3. HTML kullanarak yazılan formüller sayfa açılım hızını arttırır.


TeX kullanımının avantajları değiştir

  1. Tex kalite bakımından HTML'den ileri bir yazılımdır.
  2. Tex yazılımında "<math>x</math>" kodlaması matematiksel değişken anlamına gelir. Fakat HTML'de "x" kodlaması herhangi bir anlama gelebilir. Bu yüzden bilgiler daha kolay kaybolabilir.
  3. TeX yazılımı özellikle formül yazımı için tasarlanmıştır. Bu nedenle daha kolay ve daha işlevseldir.
  4. One consequence of point 1 is that TeX can be transformed into HTML, but not vice-versa. This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc. Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of TeX. It's true that the current situation is not ideal, but that's not a good reason to drop information/contents. It's more a reason to help improve the situation.
  5. Diğer önemli husus TeX MathML kodlamasına, bu kodlamayı destekleyen sunucular tarafından çevirlebilmektedir.
  6. TeX komutlarını kullanırken sunucu desteğine ya da diğer teknik desteklere ihtiyaç duymazsınız. Bu kodlamanın işlevselliğini serverler sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle her türlü sunucuda, rahatlıkla yazıp kullanabileceğiniz bir kodlama türüdür.

Fonksiyonlar, semboller, özel karakterler değiştir

Aksanlar/Vurgular

\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}  
\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}  

Standart fonksiyonlar

\sin a \cos b \tan c  
\sec d \csc e \cot f  
\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j  
\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n  
\operatorname{sh}o \operatorname{ch}p \operatorname{th}q  
\operatorname{argsh}r \operatorname{argch}s \operatorname{argth}t  
\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y  
\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g  
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n  

Modüler aritmatik

s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} a \bmod b  

Türevsel karakterler

\nabla \partial x dx \dot x \ddot y  

Kümeler

\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing  
\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq  
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus  
\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup  

Operatör işaretler

+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -  
\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot  
\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}  

Mantıksal ifadeler

\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p  
\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And  

Kök alma

\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}  

Eşitlik/Denklik/Benzerlik işaretleri

\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}  
\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto  

Geometrik

\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ  

Oklar/Bildiri ifadeleri

\leftarrow \gets \rightarrow \to \not\to \leftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow  
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow  
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft  
\upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftarrow  
\Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff) \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft  
\leftrightharpoons \curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright  
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \nLeftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nRightarrow  
\nLeftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow  

Özel

\eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots  
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top  
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar  
\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement \diamondsuit  
\heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp  

Unsorted (new stuff)

\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown  
\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge  
\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes  
\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant  
\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq  
\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft  
\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot  
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq  
\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork  
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq  
\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid  
\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr  
\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq  
\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq  
\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq  
\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus  
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq  
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel  

Üslü ifadeler, toplam-çarpım sembolleri, türev, integral değiştir

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
HTML PNG
Superscript a^2    
Subscript a_2    
Grouping a^{2+2}    
a_{i,j}    
Combining sub & super x_2^3  
Preceding and/or Additional sub & super \sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b  
{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4  
Stacking \overset{\alpha}{\omega}  
\underset{\alpha}{\omega}  
\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}  
\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}  
Derivative (forced PNG) x', y, f', f\!    
Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML) x', y, f', f    
Derivative (HTML-yanlış) x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}    
Derivative (PNG-yanlış) x\prime, y\prime\prime    
Derivative dots \dot{x}, \ddot{x}  
Underlines, overlines, vectors \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c  
\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}  
\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}  
Arrows A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C  
Overbraces \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}  
Underbraces \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}  
Sum \sum_{k=1}^N k^2  
Sum (force \textstyle) \textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2  
Product \prod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Product (force \textstyle) \textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Coproduct \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Coproduct (force \textstyle) \textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Limit \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n  
Limit (force \textstyle) \textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n  
Integral \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx  
İntegral (force \textstyle) \textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx  
Çift katlı integral \iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy  
Üç katlı integral \iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz  
Dört katlı integral \iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt  
Path integral \oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy  
Intersections \bigcap_1^{n} p  
Unions \bigcup_1^{k} p  

Fractions, matrices, multilines değiştir

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Fractions \frac{2}{4}=0.5  
Small Fractions \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5  
Large (normal) Fractions \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5  
Large (nestled) Fractions \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a  
Binomial coefficients \binom{n}{k}  
Small Binomial coefficients \tbinom{n}{k}  
Large (normal) Binomial coefficients \dbinom{n}{k}  
Matrices 
\begin{matrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{matrix}
   
\begin{vmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{vmatrix}
   
\begin{Vmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
   
\begin{bmatrix}
  0      & \cdots & 0      \\
  \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 
  0      & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
   
\begin{Bmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
   
\begin{pmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{pmatrix}
   
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
  a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
 
Case distinctions 
f(n) = 
\begin{cases} 
  n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\
  3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} 
\end{cases}
  
Multiline equations 
\begin{align}
 f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
      & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
\end{align}
  
\begin{alignat}{2}
 f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
      & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
\end{alignat}
 
Multiline equations (must define number of colums used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed) 
\begin{array}{lcl}
  z        & = & a \\
  f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z  
\end{array}
  
Multiline equations (more) 
\begin{array}{lcr}
  z        & = & a \\
  f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z     
\end{array}
  
Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary 

<math>f(x) \,\!</math>
<math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math>
<math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>

   

Simultaneous equations 
\begin{cases}
    3x + 5y +  z \\
    7x - 2y + 4z \\
   -6x + 3y + 2z 
\end{cases}
  

Alphabets and typefaces değiştir

Greek alphabet
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta  
\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu  
\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau  
\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega  
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta  
\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu  
\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau  
\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega  
\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa  
\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi  
Blackboard Bold/Scripts
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}  
\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}  
\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}  
\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}  
boldface (vectors)
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}  
\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}  
\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}  
\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}  
\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}  
\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}  
\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}  
\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}  
\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}  
\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}  
Boldface (greek)
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}  
\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}  
\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}  
\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}  
\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}  
\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}  
\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}  
\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}  
\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}  
\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}  
Italics
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}  
\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}  
\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}  
\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}  
\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}  
\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}  
\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}  
\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}  
\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}  
\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}  
Roman typeface
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}  
\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}  
\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}  
\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}  
\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}  
\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}  
\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}  
\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}  
\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}  
\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}  
Fraktur typeface
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}  
\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}  
\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}  
\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}  
\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}  
\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}  
\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}  
\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}  
\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}  
\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}  
Calligraphy/Script
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}  
\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}  
\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}  
\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}  
Hebrew
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth  
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
non-italicised characters \mbox{abc}    
mixed italics (bad) \mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}    
mixed italics (good) \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}    
mixed italics (more legible: ~ is a non-breaking space, while "\ " forces a space) \mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even}    

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars değiştir

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Bad ( \frac{1}{2} )  
Good \left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )  

You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Parentheses \left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )  
Brackets \left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack  
Braces \left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace  
Angle brackets \left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle  
Bars and double bars \left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|  
Floor and ceiling functions: \left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil  
Slashes and backslashes \left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash  
Up, down and up-down arrows \left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow  

Delimiters can be mixed,
as long as \left and \right match

\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right |

 
 

Use \left. and \right. if you don't
want a delimiter to appear:		 \left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X  
Size of the delimiters \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ... \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]

 

\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ ... \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle

 

\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| ... \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|  
\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor ... \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil

 

\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow ... \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow

 

\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow ... \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow

 

\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / ... \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash

 

Spacing değiştir

Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
double quad space a \qquad b  
quad space a \quad b  
text space a\ b  
text space without PNG conversion a \mbox{ } b  
large space a\;b  
medium space a\>b [not supported]
small space a\,b  
no space ab  
small negative space a\!b  

Align with normal text flow değiştir

Due to the default css 

img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }

an inline expression like   should look good.

If you need to align it otherwise, use <font style="vertical-align:-100%;"><math>...</math></font> and play with the vertical-align argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

Also note that if you rely on this workaround, if/when the rendering on the server gets fixed in future releases, as a result of this extra manual offset your formulae will suddenly be aligned incorrectly. So use it sparingly, if at all.

Forced PNG rendering değiştir

To force the formula to render as PNG, add \, (small space) at the end of the formula (where it is not rendered). This will force PNG if the user is in "HTML if simple" mode, but not for "HTML if possible" mode (math rendering settings in preferences).

You can also use \,\! (small space and negative space, which cancel out) anywhere inside the math tags. This does force PNG even in "HTML if possible" mode, unlike \,.

This could be useful to keep the rendering of formulae in a proof consistent, for example, or to fix formulae that render incorrectly in HTML (at one time, a^{2+2} rendered with an extra underscore), or to demonstrate how something is rendered when it would normally show up as HTML (as in the examples above).

For instance:

Syntax How it looks rendered
a^{c+2}  
a^{c+2} \,  
a^{\,\!c+2}  
a^{b^{c+2}}   (WRONG with option "HTML if possible or else PNG"!)
a^{b^{c+2}} \,   (WRONG with option "HTML if possible or else PNG"!)
a^{b^{c+2}}\approx 5   (due to " " correctly displayed, no code "\,\!" needed)
a^{b^{\,\!c+2}}  
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx  


This has been tested with most of the formulae on this page, and seems to work perfectly.

You might want to include a comment in the HTML so people don't "correct" the formula by removing it:

<!-- The \,\! is to keep the formula rendered as PNG instead of HTML. Please don't remove it.-->

Color değiştir

Equations can use color:

  • {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x}-{\color{OliveGreen}1}
     
  • x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}
     

See here for all named colours supported by LaTeX.

Note that color should not be used as the only way to identify something because color blind people may not be able to distinguish between the two colors. See .

Examples değiştir

Quadratic Polynomial değiştir 

 

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>

Quadratic Polynomial (Force PNG Rendering) değiştir 

 

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,\!</math>

Quadratic Formula değiştir 

 

<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>

Tall Parentheses and Fractions değiştir 

 

<math>2 = \left(
 \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x}
 \right)</math>

 

<math>S_{new} = S_{old} +
 \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>

Integrals değiştir 

 

<math>\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds
 = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>

Summation değiştir 

 

<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}
 {3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>

Differential Equation değiştir 

 

<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>

Complex numbers değiştir 

 

<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|,
 |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n,
 \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>

Limits değiştir 

 

<math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>

Integral Equation değiştir 

 

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
 \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
 \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
 \frac{\partial}{\partial R}
 \left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math>

Example değiştir 

 

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 
 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad
 \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>

Continuation and cases değiştir 

 

<math>
 f(x) =
 \begin{cases}
 1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
 \frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\
 1 - x^2 & 0 < x\le 1
 \end{cases}
 </math>

Prefixed subscript değiştir 

 

 <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z)
 = \sum_{n=0}^\infty
 \frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}
 \frac{z^n}{n!}</math>

Bug reports değiştir

Discussions, bug reports and feature requests should go to the Wikitech-l mailing list. These can also be filed on Mediazilla under MediaWiki extensions.

See also değiştir

External links değiştir

"https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yardım:Matematiksel_formüller&oldid=26270480" sayfasından alınmıştır