Ipse dixit

Ipse dixit (Latince: "O böyle söyledi"), kanıtı olmayan bir sav veya düşüncenin dogmatik bir ifadesidir.^[1]

Bir önermenin "çünkü öyle" olduğunu açıkça iddia ederek savunmanın yanlışlığı, onu tamamen devre dışı bırakarak argümanı çarpıtır: önermeyi söyleyen kişi, konunun gerçek ve değiştirilemez olduğunu beyan eder.^[2]

Tarihi değiştir

İfadenin Latince hali Romalı filozof ve hatip Marcus Tullius Cicero'nun De Natura Deorum (Tanrıların Doğası Üzerine) adlı eserinde geçmektedir. Bu aslında Pythagorasçı cemaatin kullandığı αὐτὸς ἔφα (autos epha) ifadesinin çevirisidir. Pythagorasçı cemaatin üyeleri, neden ya da kanıtlara dayanarak konuşmak yerine liderin ifadeleri üzerinden bir otoriye dayanma eğilimindeydi.^[3]

17. yüzyıldan önce araştırmacılar ipse dixit ifadesinin Aristoteles'in kendini gerekçelendirmek için kullandığını sanıyordu.^[4]

Ipse-dixitçilik değiştir

18. yüzyılın sonunda Jeremy Bentham ifadeyi yaracı olmayan siyasi argümanlara yanıt vermek için ipse-dixitçilik diye kavramsallaştırdı.^[5]^[6]

Hukuki kullanımı değiştir

Modern hukuki ve idari kararlarda, ipse dixit terimi genellikle yalnızca bir bireyin veya kuruluşun otoritesine dayanan argümanların eleştirisi olarak kullanılmıştır.

Kaynakça değiştir

^ Whitney, William Dwight. (1906). "Ipse dixit" 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, pp. 379–380; Westbrook, Robert B. "John Dewey and American Democracy", p. 359 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
^ VanderMey, Randall et al. (2011). Comp, p. 183 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt: "Bare assertion. The most basic way to distort an issue is to deny that it exists. This fallacy claims, 'That's just how it is.' "
^ Poliziano, Angelo. (2010). Angelo Poliziano's Lamia: Text, Translation, and Introductory Studies, p. 26 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "In Cicero's De natura deorum, as well as in other sources, the phrase “Ipse dixit” pointed to the notion that Pythagoras's disciples would use that short phrase as justification for adopting a position: if the master had said it, it was enough for them and there was no need to argue further."
^ Burton, George Ward. (1909). Burton's book on California and its sunlit skies of glory, p. 27 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "But by the time of Bacon, students had fallen into the habit of accepting Aristotle as an infallible guide, and when a dispute arose the appeal was not to fact, but to Aristotle's theory, and the phrase, Ipse dixit, ended all dispute."
^ Bentham, Jeremy. (1834). Deontology; or, The science of morality, Vol. 1, p. 323 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "ipsedixitism ... comes down to us from an antique and high authority, —-it is the principle recognised (so Cicero informs us) by the disciples of Pythagoras. Ipse (he, the master, Pythagoras), ipse dixit, — he has said it; the master has said that it is so; therefore, say the disciples of the illustrious sage, therefore so it is."
^ Bentham, Jeremy. (1838). Works of Jeremy Bentham, p. 192 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "... it is not a mere ipse dixit that will warrant us to give credit for utility to institutions, in which not the least trace of utility is discernible."

[1] Whitney, William Dwight. (1906). "Ipse dixit" 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, pp. 379–380; Westbrook, Robert B. "John Dewey and American Democracy", p. 359 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..

[comp-2] VanderMey, Randall et al. (2011). Comp, p. 183 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt: "Bare assertion. The most basic way to distort an issue is to deny that it exists. This fallacy claims, 'That's just how it is.' "

[3] Poliziano, Angelo. (2010). Angelo Poliziano's Lamia: Text, Translation, and Introductory Studies, p. 26 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "In Cicero's De natura deorum, as well as in other sources, the phrase “Ipse dixit” pointed to the notion that Pythagoras's disciples would use that short phrase as justification for adopting a position: if the master had said it, it was enough for them and there was no need to argue further."

[4] Burton, George Ward. (1909). Burton's book on California and its sunlit skies of glory, p. 27 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "But by the time of Bacon, students had fallen into the habit of accepting Aristotle as an infallible guide, and when a dispute arose the appeal was not to fact, but to Aristotle's theory, and the phrase, Ipse dixit, ended all dispute."

[5] Bentham, Jeremy. (1834). Deontology; or, The science of morality, Vol. 1, p. 323 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "ipsedixitism ... comes down to us from an antique and high authority, —-it is the principle recognised (so Cicero informs us) by the disciples of Pythagoras. Ipse (he, the master, Pythagoras), ipse dixit, — he has said it; the master has said that it is so; therefore, say the disciples of the illustrious sage, therefore so it is."

[6] Bentham, Jeremy. (1838). Works of Jeremy Bentham, p. 192 28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; excerpt, "... it is not a mere ipse dixit that will warrant us to give credit for utility to institutions, in which not the least trace of utility is discernible."

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